Fundamental limit of Sum Capacity in Pinching Antenna Assisted Multiple Access Channel

Abstract: Pinching antenna systems (PASSs) have recently shown their promising ability to flexibly reconfigure wireless channels via dynamically adjusting the positions of pinching antennas over a dielectric waveguide, termed as pinching beamforming. This paper studies the fundamental limit of the sum capacity for a PASSassisted multiple access channel, in which multiple users transmit individual messages to a BS under the average power constraint. To this end, we consider a dynamic pinching beamforming setup, where multiple pinching beamforming vectors are employed in a transmission period and the capacity-achieving non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) based transmission scheme is considered. For the ideal case with an asymptotically large number of pinching beamforming vectors, we unveil that the optimal transmission scheme is alternating transmission among each user with its channel power gain maximized by dynamic pinching beamforming, which implies that the NOMA-based transmission scheme is not needed. The corresponding sum-rate is derived in closed-form expression, which serves as the upper bound of the sum-capacity. Inspired by this result, a lower bound of the sum-rate under an arbitrarily finite number of pinching beamforming vectors is obtained. Numerical results validate our theoretical findings and illustrate the practical significance of using dynamic pinching beamforming to improve the sum capacity.