LiGen: GAN-Augmented Spectral Fingerprinting for Indoor Positioning

Abstract: Accurate and robust indoor localization is critical for smart building applications, yet existing Wi-Fi-based systems are often vulnerable to environmental conditions. This work presents a novel indoor localization system, called LiGen, that leverages the spectral intensity patterns of ambient light as fingerprints, offering a more stable and infrastructure-free alternative to radio signals. To address the limited spectral data, we design a data augmentation framework based on generative adversarial networks (GANs), featuring two variants: PointGAN, which generates fingerprints conditioned on coordinates, and FreeGAN, which uses a weak localization model to label unconditioned samples. Our positioning model, leveraging a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) architecture to train on synthesized data, achieves submeter-level accuracy, outperforming Wi-Fi-based baselines by over 50\%. LiGen also demonstrates strong robustness in cluttered environments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first system to combine spectral fingerprints with GAN-based data augmentation for indoor localization.