ChartMark: A Structured Grammar for Chart Annotation

Abstract: Chart annotations enhance visualization accessibility but suffer from fragmented, non-standardized representations that limit cross-platform reuse. We propose ChartMark, a structured grammar that separates annotation semantics from visualization implementations. ChartMark features a hierarchical framework mapping onto annotation dimensions (e.g., task, chart context), supporting both abstract intents and precise visual details. Our toolkit demonstrates converting ChartMark specifications into Vega-Lite visualizations, highlighting its flexibility, expressiveness, and practical applicability.