Gauge Invariant and Generic Formulation of Magnetic Translations and so(3,1) Curtright-Zachos Generators

Abstract: We propose a gauge-invariant formulation of magnetic translation (GMT) operators, eliminating the gauge dependence that conventional definitions suffer from due to specific gauge choices. We extend this framework by incorporating so(3,1) conformal symmetry, demonstrating how GMT operators can be naturally embedded within this algebraic structure. We then show the fundamental role of sim(2) duality between pseudo-dilatation and pseudo-angular momentum operators in constructing GMT operators. A key result of this approach is the derivation of the Curtright-Zachos (CZ) generators from gauge-invariant so(3,1) operators, providing a novel perspective on their algebraic properties such as the relationship between FFZ internal symmetry and sim(2) duality.