Tidal effects in gravitational and scalar waveforms and fluxes to one post-Newtonian order in massless scalar-tensor theories

Abstract: Within scalar-tensor (ST) theories, neutron stars in binary systems experience tidal deformations caused by both their companion and the scalar field. These deformations are strongly correlated to the star's internal structure and composition. Accurately modeling their imprint on the emitted gravitational waves will be essential for interpreting the high-precision data expected from future detectors and for disentangling potential signatures of modified gravity from those arising due to the properties of neutron star matter. Using the post-Newtonian multipolar-post-Minkowskian formalism adapted to ST theories, and working within the adiabatic approximation, we compute the tidal corrections to the gravitational and scalar energy fluxes, and to the waveform phasing, at the first post-Newtonian (PN) order beyond the standard quadrupole radiation in general relativity. This corresponds to 2PN order beyond the leading-order dipolar tidal contribution. At this accuracy, three independent types of tidal deformability (scalar, tensorial, and mixed scalar-tensorial) contribute to the signal. We also derive the gravitational and scalar waveform amplitude modes, including the memory ones, to the same accuracy.