Pulsed laser attack at 1061 nm potentially compromises quantum key distribution

Abstract: Quantum key distribution systems offer cryptographic security, provided that all their components are thoroughly characterised. However, certain components might be vulnerable to a laser-damage attack, particularly when attacked at previously untested laser parameters. Here we show that exposing 1550-nm fiber-optic isolators to 17-mW average power, 1061-nm picosecond attacking pulses reduces their isolation below a safe threshold. Furthermore, the exposure to 1160-mW sub-nanosecond pulsed illumination permanently degrades isolation at 1550 nm while the isolators maintain forward transparency. These threats are not addressed by the currently-practiced security analysis.