Complete systems of solutions, transmutations and Darboux transform for Sturm-Liouville equations in impedance form

Abstract: We present the construction of a complete system of functions associated with the Sturm-Liouville equation in impedance form on a finite interval $I$, given an impedance function $a\in L^2(I)$. The system, known as the formal powers, is generated through recursive integration of the impedance function $a$ and its reciprocal. We establish the completeness of this system in the space $L^p$ with the weight function $a^2$. Under additional conditions on $a$, we extend the completeness of this completeness to Sobolev spaces $W^{1,p}(I)$, along with a generalized Taylor formula. We show that the completeness of the formal powers implies key analytic properties for a transmutation operator associated with the Sturm-Liouville equation in impedance form, including the existence of a continuous inverse. Finally, we introduce a formulation of the Darboux-transformed equation and establish a relation between the transmutation operators to the original and transformed equations.