Global Hypoellipticity for Systems in Time-Periodic Gelfand-Shilov Spaces

Abstract: We investigate the global hypoellipticity of a class of overdetermined systems with coefficients depending both on time and space variables in the setting of time-periodic Gelfand-Shilov spaces. Our main result provides necessary and sufficient conditions for the global hypoellipticity of this class of systems, stated in terms of Diophantine-type estimates and sign-changing behavior of the imaginary parts of the coefficients. Through a reduction to a normal form and detailed construction of singular solutions, we fully characterize when the system fails to be globally hypoelliptic.