Universal thermodynamic topological classes of static black holes in Conformal Killing Gravity

Abstract: In this study, we develop a universal thermodynamic topological classes for the static black holes in the context of the Conformal Killing Gravity. Our findings indicate that the Conformal Killing Gravity significantly reconstructs the thermodynamic properties of both the smallest inner black hole state and the largest outer black hole state. Additionally, it considerably alters the thermodynamic stability of black holes across both high-temperature and low-temperature regimes. This analysis shows that different CKG parameter settings will lead to $W^{0+}$ $(\lambda>0)$ and $W^{1+}$ $(\lambda<0)$ classes of the charged AdS black hole, the Reissner-Nordstr$\ddot{o}$m black hole in Conformal Killing Gravity is classified into the $W^{0+}$ and $W^{1+}$ categories. Furthermore, we examine the specific scenario where charge is neglected. The study reveals that within the framework of Conformal Killing Gravity, the Schwarzschild black hole similar to the Schwarzschild AdS black hole, can be classified into the $W^{1-}$ and $W^{0-}$ categories. This work provides key insights into the fundamental nature of quantum gravity theory.