Shape derivative approach to fractional overdetermined problems

Abstract: We use shape derivative approach to prove that balls are the only convex and $C^{1,1}$ regular domains in which the fractional overdetermined problem \begin{equation*} \left{\begin{aligned} \Ds u&= \lambda_{s, p} u^{p-1}\quad\text{in}\quad\Om \ u &= 0\quad \text{in}\quad\R^N\setminus \Om\ u/d^s&=C_0\quad\text{on\;\; $\partial\O$} \end{aligned} \right. \end{equation*} admits a nontrivial solution for $p\in [1, 2]$ and where $\lambda_{s, p}= \lambda_{s, p}(\O)$ is the best constant in the family of Subcritical Sobolev inequalities. In the cases $p=1$ and $p=2$, we recover the classical symmetry results of Serrin, corresponding to the torsion problem and the first Dirichlet eigenvalue problem, respectively (see \cite{FS-15}). We note that for $p\in (1,2)$, the above problem lies outside the framework of \cite{FS-15}, and the methods developed therein do not apply. Our approach extends to the fractional setting a method initially developed by A. Henrot and T. Chatelain in \cite{CH-99}, and relies on the use of domain derivatives combined with the continuous Steiner symmetrization introduced by Brock in \cite{Brock-00}.