Why is distortion inevitable in opinion propagation on social media? Noise induced layer-wised synchronization in Noise-Frustrated Hegselmann-Krause model

Abstract: The proliferation of social media as a dominant information propagation platform has intensified scholarly concerns about systemic information distortion,a phenomenon where content undergoes progressive alteration during multi layered transmission. However, existing literature extensively documents distortion patterns, the fundamental mechanisms coupling network architecture with cognitive noise remain poorly quantified. Here, we introduce a novel fractal network with coupled Noise Frustrated Hegselmann Krause (NFHK) framework that systematically disentangles these intertwined factors. By integrating fractal topology analysis with modified bounded confidence dynamics, our model reveals how hierarchical network structures (characterized by scale invariant connectivity patterns) amplify stochastic noise through successive retransmission layers. Through rigorous mathematical analysis, multi agent simulations, and empirical validation of typical retweet cascades, we demonstrate two key phenomena: (i) distortion escalates super linearly with network depth and (ii) peer nodes exhibit emergent layer wise synchronization despite lacking direct connections among themselves and form a number of synchronous groups based on the number of network layers. These findings establish a unified mechanism explaining distortion accumulation in digital ecosystems while challenging conventional "echo chamber" narratives. Our noise frustration protocol can offer actionable insights for policymakers to design topology aware regulatory frameworks. This work bridges complex systems theory with computational social science, providing both a mathematical foundation for distortion analysis and a toolkit for platform governance.