Coping with Uncertainty in UX Design Practice: Practitioner Strategies and Judgment

Abstract: The complexity of UX design practice extends beyond ill-structured design problems to include uncertainties shaped by shifting stakeholder priorities, team dynamics, limited resources, and implementation constraints. While prior research in related fields has addressed uncertainty in design more broadly, the specific character of uncertainty in UX practice remains underexplored. This study examines how UX practitioners experience and respond to uncertainty in real-world projects, drawing on a multi-week diary study and follow-up interviews with ten designers. We identify a range of practitioner strategies-including adaptive framing, negotiation, and judgment-that allow designers to move forward amid ambiguity. Our findings highlight the central role of design judgment in navigating uncertainty, including emergent forms such as temporal and sacrificial judgment, and extend prior understandings by showing how UX practitioners engage uncertainty as a persistent, situated feature of practice.