Approximating a matrix as the square of a skew-symmetric matrix, with application to estimating angular velocity from acceleration data

Abstract: In this paper we study the problem of finding the best approximation of a real square matrix by a matrix that can be represented as the square of a real, skew-symmetric matrix. This problem is important in the design of robust numerical algorithms aimed at estimating rigid body kinematics from multiple accelerometer measurements. We give a constructive proof for the existence of a best approximant in the Frobenius norm. We demonstrate the construction with some small examples, and we showcase the practical importance of this work to the problem of determining the angular velocity of a rotating rigid body from its acceleration measurements.