A Novel Environment Object Modeling Method for Vehicular ISAC Scenarios

Abstract: Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC), as a fundamental technology of 6G, empowers Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) systems with enhanced sensing capabilities. One of its promising applications is the reliance on constructed maps for vehicle positioning. Traditional positioning methods primarily rely on Line-of-Sight (LOS), but in urban vehicular scenarios, obstructions often result in predominantly Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) conditions. Existing research indicates that NLOS paths, characterized by one-bounce reflection on building walls with determined delay and angle, can support sensing and positioning. However, experimental validation remains insufficient. To address this gap, channel measurements are conducted in an urban street to explore the existence of strong reflected paths in the presence of a vehicle target. The results show significant power contribution from NLOS paths, with large Environmental Objects (EOs) playing a key role in shaping NLOS propagation. Then, a novel model for EO reflection is proposed to extend the Geometry-Based Stochastic Model (GBSM) for ISAC channel standardization. Simulation results validate the model's ability to capture EO's power and position characteristics, showing that higher EO-reflected power and closer distance to Rx reduce Delay Spread (DS), which is more favorable for positioning. This model provides theoretical guidance and empirical support for ISAC positioning algorithms and system design in vehicular scenarios.