Harmonic Structure of the Brunel spectra

Abstract: Electromagnetic emissions, known as Brunel radiations, are produced in plasmas through the coupling between the free electron density and ultrafast ionizing laser pulses. The radiation spectrum generated in laser-gas interactions is here investigated from a local current model for laser drivers with two frequency components - or "colors" - being not necessarily integers of one another. We provide a general description of this spectrum by deriving analytically the convolution product of the Fourier transforms of the electron density and of the laser electric field. Our analysis reveals that the only knowledge of the optical field extrema in time domain is sufficient to reproduce faithfully the numerically-computed Brunel spectrum and justify the emergence of various resonance frequencies. The classical combination of two laser harmonics, i.e., a fundamental and its second harmonic, is also addressed.