ATM-Net: Adaptive Termination and Multi-Precision Neural Networks for Energy-Harvested Edge Intelligence

Abstract: ATM-Net is a novel neural network architecture tailored for energy-harvested IoT devices, integrating adaptive termination points with multi-precision computing. It dynamically adjusts computational precision (32/8/4-bit) and network depth based on energy availability via early exit points. An energy-aware task scheduler optimizes the energy-accuracy trade-off. Experiments on CIFAR-10, PlantVillage, and TissueMNIST show ATM-Net achieves up to 96.93% accuracy while reducing power consumption by 87.5% with Q4 quantization compared to 32-bit operations. The power-delay product improves from 13.6J to 0.141J for DenseNet-121 and from 10.3J to 0.106J for ResNet-18, demonstrating its suitability for energy-harvesting systems.