A Bayesian Integrative Mixed Modeling Framework for Analysis of the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study

Abstract: Integrating high-dimensional, heterogeneous data from multi-site cohort studies with complex hierarchical structures poses significant feature selection and prediction challenges. We extend the Bayesian Integrative Analysis and Prediction (BIP) framework to enable simultaneous feature selection and outcome modeling in data of nested hierarchical structure. We apply the proposed Bayesian Integrative Mixed Modeling (BIPmixed) framework to the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, leveraging multi-view data, including structural and functional MRI and early life adversity (ELA) metrics, to identify relevant features and predict the behavioral outcome. BIPmixed incorporates 2-level nested random effects, to enhance interpretability and make predictions in hierarchical data settings. Simulation studies illustrate BIPmixed's robustness in distinct random effect settings, highlighting its use for complex study designs. Our findings suggest that BIPmixed effectively integrates multi-view data while accounting for nested sampling, making it a valuable tool for analyzing large-scale studies with hierarchical data.