Hallmarks of Spin Textures for High-Harmonic Generation

Abstract: Spin-orbit coupling and quantum geometry are fundamental aspects in modern condensed matter physics, with their primary manifestations in momentum space being spin textures and Berry curvature. In this work, we investigate their interplay with high-harmonic generation (HHG) in two-dimensional non-centrosymmetric materials, with an emphasis on even-order harmonics. Our analysis reveals that the emergence of finite even-order harmonics necessarily requires a broken twofold rotational symmetry in the spin texture, as well as a non-trivial Berry curvature in systems with time-reversal invariance. This symmetry breaking can arise across various degrees of freedom and impact both spin textures and optical response via spin-orbit interactions. These findings underscore the potential of HHG as a powerful tool for exploring electronic phases with broken rotational symmetry, as well as the associated phase transitions in two-dimensional materials. This approach provides novel perspectives for designing symmetry-dependent nonlinear optical phenomena.