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Do perfect powers repel partition numbers?

Published 7 Jan 2025 in math.CO and math.NT | (2501.03754v2)

Abstract: In 2013 Zhi-Wei Sun conjectured that $p(n)$ is never a power of an integer when $n>1.$ We confirm this claim in many cases. We also observe that integral powers appear to repel the partition numbers. If $k>1$ and $\Delta_k(n)$ is the distance between $p(n)$ and the nearest $k$th power, then for every $d\geq 0$ we conjecture that there are at most finitely many $n$ for which $\Delta_k(n)\leq d.$ More precisely, for every $\varepsilon>0,$ we conjecture that $$M_k(d):=\max{n \ : \ \Delta_k(n)\leq d}=o( d{\varepsilon}).$$ In $k$-power aspect with $d$ fixed, we also conjecture that if $k$ is sufficiently large, then $$ M_k(d)=\max \left{ n \ : \ p(n)-1\leq d\right}. $$ In other words, $1$ generally appears to be the closest $k$th power among the partition numbers.

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