Recommendation and Temptation

Abstract: Traditional recommender systems based on utility maximization and revealed preferences often fail to capture users' dual-self nature, where consumption choices are driven by both long-term benefits (enrichment) and desire for instant gratification (temptation). Consequently, these systems may generate recommendations that fail to provide long-lasting satisfaction to users. To address this issue, we propose a novel user model that accounts for this dual-self behavior and develop an optimal recommendation strategy to maximize enrichment from consumption. We highlight the limitations of historical consumption data in implementing this strategy and present an estimation framework that makes minimal assumptions and leverages explicit user feedback and implicit choice data to overcome these constraints. We evaluate our approach through both synthetic simulations and simulations based on real-world data from the MovieLens dataset. Results demonstrate that our proposed recommender can deliver superior enrichment compared to several competitive baseline algorithms that assume a single utility type and rely solely on revealed preferences. Our work emphasizes the critical importance of optimizing for enrichment in recommender systems, particularly in temptation-laden consumption contexts. Our findings have significant implications for content platforms, user experience design, and the development of responsible AI systems, paving the way for more nuanced and user-centric recommendation approaches.