Re-entrant localization induced by short-range hopping in the fractal Rosenzweig-Porter Model

Abstract: Typically, metallic systems localized under strong disorder exhibit a transition to \imk{delocalization} %finite conduction as kinetic terms increase. In this work, we reveal the opposite effect~--~increasing kinetic terms leads to an unexpected \imk{reduction of mobility, }%suppression of conductivity, enhancing localization of the system, and even lead to re-entrant delocalization transitions. Specifically, we add a nearest-neighbor hopping with amplitude (\kappa) to the Rosenzweig-Porter (RP) model with fractal on-site disorder and surprisingly see that, as (\kappa) grows, the system initially tends to localization from the fractal phase, but then re-enters the ergodic phase. We build an analytical framework to explain this re-entrant behavior, supported by exact diagonalization results. The interplay between the spatially local $\kappa$ term, insensitive to fractal disorder, and the energy-local RP coupling, sensitive to fine-level spacing structure, drives the observed re-entrant behavior. This mechanism offers a novel pathway to re-entrant localization phenomena in many-body quantum systems.