Unique multipartite extension of quantum states over time

Abstract: The quantum state over time formalism provides an extension of the density operator formalism into the time domain, so that quantum correlations across both space and time may be treated with a common mathematical formalism. While bipartite quantum states over time have been uniquely characterized from various perspectives, it is not immediately clear how to extend the uniqueness result to multipartite temporal scenarios, such as those considered in the context of Legget-Garg inequalities. In this Letter, we show that two simple assumptions uniquely single out a multipartite extension of bipartite quantum states over time, namely, linearity in the initial state and a quantum analog of conditionability for multipartite probability distributions. As a direct consequence of our uniqueness result we arrive at a canonical multipartite extension of Kirkwood-Dirac type quasi-probability distributions, and we conclude by showing how our result yields a new characterization of quantum Markovianity.