Quantum Many-body Scars through the Lens of Correlation Matrix

Abstract: Quantum many-body scars (QMBS) -- rare eigenstates that evade thermalization -- are typically characterized by their low entanglement entropies compared to surrounding thermal eigenstates. However, due to finite-size effects in systems accessible via exact diagonalization, this measure can be ambiguous. To address this limitation, we propose using the correlation matrix spectrum as an alternative probe to identify QMBS. In cases of exact QMBS with either known analytic expressions or can be captured by various frameworks of QMBS, we find the dimensionality of the null space of the correlation matrix -- an integer value, and thus immune to finite-size effects -- can qualitatively isolate QMBS. Beyond serving as a diagnostic tool, the correlation matrix method enables easy manipulation of the QMBS subspace. For approximate QMBS, such as those in the PXP model, we observe that the correlation matrix spectrum features numerous approximate zero eigenvalues, distinguishing these states. We demonstrate the effectiveness and utility of this method with several paradigmatic QMBS examples.