Microquasars to AGNs: An uniform Jet variability

Abstract: The long-term variability study over a range of black hole (BH) mass systems from the microquasars of stellar-mass black holes to the Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) of supermassive black holes, in $\gamma$-rays offers new insights into the physics of relativistic jets. In this work, we investigate the $\gamma$-ray variability of 11 AGNs--including 7 blazars, 2 unclassified blazar candidates (BCUs), 1 radio galaxy (RG), and 1 narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy (NLS1) as well as 2 microquasars. We apply a stochastic process known as the Damped Random Walk (DRW) to model the $\sim$15 years of Fermi-LAT light curves. The characteristic timescales observed for AGNs are comparable to those in the accretion disc. Interestingly, the timescales observed in the jet emission of microquasars are similar to those of AGNs, suggesting uniform jet properties across the black hole masses. The observed rest-frame timescales of AGNs overlap with both thermal and non-thermal timescales associated with the jet and accretion disk, respectively, suggesting a scaled relationship between $\tau_{DRW}^{rest}$ and black hole mass ($\rm{M_{BH}}$). While the timescales observed for microquasars deviate significantly from this relationship, nonetheless exhibit a scaled $\tau_{DRW}^{rest}-\rm{M_{BH}}$ relationship using $\gamma$-rays specifically. These findings offer new insights into the origin of jets and the processes driving the emission within them. Additionally, this study hints at a new perspective that the relativistic jets' properties or their production mechanisms may be independent of the black hole mass.