Perspectives-Observer-Transparency -- A Novel Paradigm for Modelling the Human in Human-To-Anything Interaction Based on a Structured Review of the Human Digital Twin

Abstract: Modern modelling approaches fail when it comes to understanding rather than pure supervision of human behavior. As humans become more and more integrated into human-to-anything interactions, the understanding of the human as a whole becomes critical. In this paper, we conduct a structured review of the human digital twin to indicate where modern paradigms fail to model the human agent. Particularly, the mechanistic viewpoint limits the usability of human and general digital twins. Instead, we propose a novel way of thinking about models, states, and their relations: Perspectives-Observer-Transparency. The modelling paradigm indicates how transparency - or whiteness - relates to the abilities of an observer, which again allows to model the penetration depth of a system model into the human psyche. The split in between the human's outer and inner states is described with a perspectives model, featuring the introperspective and the exteroperspective. We explore this novel paradigm by employing two recent scenarios from ongoing research and give examples to emphasize specific characteristics of the modelling paradigm.