Papers
Topics
Authors
Recent
Search
2000 character limit reached

Dynamics of Polar-Core Spin Vortices in Inhomogeneous Spin-1 Bose-Einstein Condensates

Published 21 Apr 2024 in cond-mat.quant-gas | (2404.13800v4)

Abstract: In the easy-plane phase, a ferromagnetic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate is magnetized in a plane transverse to the applied Zeeman field. This phase supports polar-core spin vortices (PCVs), which consist of phase windings of transverse magnetization. Here we show that spin-changing collisions cause a PCV to accelerate down density gradients in an inhomogeneous condensate. The dynamics is well-described by a simplified model adapted from scalar systems, which predicts the dependence of the dynamics on trap tightness and quadratic Zeeman energy. In a harmonic trap, a PCV accelerates radially to the condensate boundary, in stark contrast to the azimuthal motion of vortices in a scalar condensate. In a trap that has a local potential maximum at the centre, the PCV exhibits oscillations around the trap centre, which persist for a remarkably long time. The oscillations coincide with the emission and reabsorption of axial spin waves, which reflect off the condensate boundary.

Definition Search Book Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com
References (77)
  1. A. Bray, Theory of phase-ordering kinetics, Adv. Phys. 43(3), 357 (1994), 10.1080/00018739400101505.
  2. A. J. Chorin, Vorticity and turbulence, Springer Science & Business Media, New York (1994).
  3. J. M. Kosterlitz, Nobel lecture: Topological defects and phase transitions, Rev. Mod. Phys. 89, 040501 (2017), 10.1103/RevModPhys.89.040501.
  4. Boson localization and correlated pinning of superconducting vortex arrays, Phys. Rev. B 48, 13060 (1993), 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.13060.
  5. Pinning force in active media, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 168303 (2004), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.168303.
  6. M. G. Campbell, M. Tasinkevych and I. I. Smalyukh, Topological polymer dispersed liquid crystals with bulk nematic defect lines pinned to handlebody surfaces, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 197801 (2014), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.197801.
  7. O. R. Stockdale, M. T. Reeves and M. J. Davis, Dynamical mechanisms of vortex pinning in superfluid thin films, Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 255302 (2021), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.255302.
  8. P. Anderson and N. Itoh, Pulsar glitches and restlessness as a hard superfluidity phenomenon, Nature 256(5512), 25 (1975).
  9. Unpinning triggers for superfluid vortex avalanches, Phys. Rev. B 85, 104503 (2012), 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.104503.
  10. Stationary and drifting spiral waves of excitation in isolated cardiac muscle, Nature 355(6358), 349 (1992).
  11. A. Pumir and V. Krinsky, Unpinning of a rotating wave in cardiac muscle by an electric field, J. Theor. Biol. 199(3), 311 (1999).
  12. Structural defects in ion chains by quenching the external potential: The inhomogeneous Kibble-Zurek mechanism, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 075701 (2010), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.075701.
  13. Exploring inhomogeneous Kibble-Zurek mechanism in a spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 260603 (2020), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.260603.
  14. Suppression of spontaneous defect formation in inhomogeneous Bose gases, Phys. Rev. A 106, L061301 (2022), 10.1103/PhysRevA.106.L061301.
  15. Variations of the Kibble-Zurek scaling exponents of trapped Bose gases, Phys. Rev. A 108, 023315 (2023), 10.1103/PhysRevA.108.023315.
  16. Quantized vortices in dipolar supersolid Bose-Einstein-condensed gases, Phys. Rev. A 102, 023322 (2020), 10.1103/PhysRevA.102.023322.
  17. Rotating a supersolid dipolar gas, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 045702 (2020), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.045702.
  18. Observation of vortices and vortex stripes in a dipolar condensate, Nat. Phys. 18(12), 1453 (2022).
  19. M. Ueda, Topological aspects in spinor bose–einstein condensates, Rep. Prog. Phys. 77(12), 122401 (2014), 10.1088/0034-4885/77/12/122401.
  20. Direct nondestructive imaging of magnetization in a spin-1 Bose-Einstein gas, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 050401 (2005), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.050401.
  21. Half-quantum vortices in an antiferromagnetic spinor Bose–Einstein condensate, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 015301 (2015), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.015301.
  22. Collisional dynamics of half-quantum vortices in a spinor Bose–Einstein condensate, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 185301 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.185301.
  23. Observation of wall-vortex composite defects in a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 095301 (2019), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.095301.
  24. Spontaneous symmetry breaking in a quenched ferromagnetic spinor Bose–Einstein condensate, Nature 443(7109), 312 (2006).
  25. K. Murata, H. Saito and M. Ueda, Broken-axisymmetry phase of a spin-1 ferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensate, Phys. Rev. A 75, 013607 (2007), 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.013607.
  26. T. Isoshima, K. Machida and T. Ohmi, Quantum vortex in a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 70(6), 1604 (2001).
  27. Topological defects and the superfluid transition of the s=1𝑠1s=1italic_s = 1 spinor condensate in two dimensions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 120406 (2006), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.120406.
  28. M. Kobayashi, Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition of spin-1 spinor Bose gases in the presence of the quadratic Zeeman effect, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 88(9), 094001 (2019).
  29. Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions in an easy-plane ferromagnetic superfluid, Phys. Rev. Res. 5, L012045 (2023), 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.5.L012045.
  30. H. Saito, Y. Kawaguchi and M. Ueda, Topological defect formation in a quenched ferromagnetic Bose–Einstein condensates, Phys. Rev. A 75, 013621 (2007), 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.013621.
  31. H. Saito, Y. Kawaguchi and M. Ueda, Kibble-Zurek mechanism in a quenched ferromagnetic Bose–Einstein condensate, Phys. Rev. A 76, 043613 (2007), 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.043613.
  32. Vortex quantum creation and winding number scaling in a quenched spinor Bose gas, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 120407 (2007), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.120407.
  33. A. Lamacraft, Quantum quenches in a spinor condensate, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 160404 (2007), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.160404.
  34. K. Kudo and Y. Kawaguchi, Coarsening dynamics driven by vortex-antivortex annihilation in ferromagnetic Bose–Einstein condensates, Phys. Rev. A 91, 053609 (2015), 10.1103/PhysRevA.91.053609.
  35. Universal coarsening dynamics of a quenched ferromagnetic spin-1 condensate, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 025301 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.025301.
  36. Coarsening and thermalization properties of a quenched ferromagnetic spin-1 condensate, Phys. Rev. A 94, 023608 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.023608.
  37. C.-M. Schmied, T. Gasenzer and P. B. Blakie, Violation of single-length-scaling dynamics via spin vortices in an isolated spin-1 Bose gas, Phys. Rev. A 100, 033603 (2019), 10.1103/PhysRevA.100.033603.
  38. A. M. Turner, Mass of a spin vortex in a Bose–Einstein condensate, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 080603 (2009), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.080603.
  39. Dynamics of polar-core spin vortices in a ferromagnetic spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate, Phys. Rev. A 94, 063615 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.063615.
  40. Damped point-vortex model for polar-core spin vortices in a ferromagnetic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate, Phys. Rev. Research 3, 013154 (2021), 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.013154.
  41. Observation of universal dynamics in a spinor Bose gas far from equilibrium, Nature 563, 217 (2018).
  42. Condensation and thermalization of an easy-plane ferromagnet in a spinor Bose gas, Nature Physics 18(12), 1459 (2022).
  43. Observation of a strongly ferromagnetic spinor Bose-Einstein condensate, Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 033471 (2020), 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.033471.
  44. Classifying the universal coarsening dynamics of a quenched ferromagnetic condensate, arXiv:2303.05230 (2023).
  45. Vortex precession in Bose-Einstein condensates: Observations with filled and empty cores, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2857 (2000), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.2857.
  46. Real-time dynamics of single vortex lines and vortex dipoles in a Bose-Einstein condensate, Science 329, 1182 (2010), 10.1126/science.1191224.
  47. D. S. Rokhsar, Vortex stability and persistent currents in trapped Bose gases, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 2164 (1997), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.2164.
  48. B. Jackson, J. F. McCann and C. S. Adams, Vortex line and ring dynamics in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates, Phys. Rev. A 61, 013604 (1999), 10.1103/PhysRevA.61.013604.
  49. Dissipative dynamics of a vortex state in a trapped Bose-condensed gas, Phys. Rev. A 60, R1779 (1999), 10.1103/PhysRevA.60.R1779.
  50. Stability of a vortex in a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5919 (2000), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.5919.
  51. Dynamics of a vortex in a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate, Phys. Rev. A 62, 063617 (2000), 10.1103/PhysRevA.62.063617.
  52. E. Lundh and P. Ao, Hydrodynamic approach to vortex lifetimes in trapped Bose condensates, Phys. Rev. A 61, 063612 (2000), 10.1103/PhysRevA.61.063612.
  53. J. Tempere and J. Devreese, Vortex dynamics in a parabolically confined Bose–Einstein condensate, Solid State Commun. 113, 471 (2000).
  54. Rotational dynamics of vortices in confined Bose-Einstein condensates, Phys. Rev. A 63, 043608 (2001), 10.1103/PhysRevA.63.043608.
  55. D. E. Sheehy and L. Radzihovsky, Vortices in spatially inhomogeneous superfluids, Phys. Rev. A 70, 063620 (2004), 10.1103/PhysRevA.70.063620.
  56. Vortices in a trapped dilute Bose-Einstein condensate, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 13(12), R135 (2001), 10.1088/0953-8984/13/12/201.
  57. Y. Kawaguchi and M. Ueda, Spinor Bose–Einstein condensates, Phys. Rep. 520(5), 253 (2012), 10.1016/j.physrep.2012.07.005.
  58. D. M. Stamper-Kurn and M. Ueda, Spinor Bose gases: Symmetries, magnetism, and quantum dynamics, Rev. Mod. Phys. 85, 1191 (2013), 10.1103/RevModPhys.85.1191.
  59. T. Ohmi and K. Machida, Bose–einstein condensation with internal degrees of freedom in alkali atom gases, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn 67(6), 1822 (1998), 10.1143/JPSJ.67.1822.
  60. Spin domains in ground-state Bose-Einstein condensates, Nature 396, 345 (1998), 10.1038/24567.
  61. Dynamics of F=2𝐹2F=2italic_F = 2 spinor Bose–Einstein condensates, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 040402 (2004), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.040402.
  62. Observation of spinor dynamics in optically trapped 8787{}^{87}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT 87 end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTRb Bose–Einstein condensates, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 140403 (2004), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.140403.
  63. G. Baym and C. J. Pethick, Ground-state properties of magnetically trapped Bose-condensed rubidium gas, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 6 (1996), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.6.
  64. Velocity of vortices in inhomogeneous Bose–Einstein condensates, PNAS 103(21), 7978 (2006).
  65. Vortex velocity field in inhomogeneous media: A numerical study in Bose-Einstein condensates, Phys. Rev. A 77, 043602 (2008), 10.1103/PhysRevA.77.043602.
  66. F. E. A. dos Santos, Hydrodynamics of vortices in Bose-Einstein condensates: A defect-gauge field approach, Phys. Rev. A 94, 063633 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.063633.
  67. Motion of vortices in inhomogeneous Bose-Einstein condensates, Phys. Rev. A 97, 023617 (2018), 10.1103/PhysRevA.97.023617.
  68. A. L. Fetter, Rotating trapped Bose-Einstein condensates, Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 647 (2009), 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.647.
  69. H. Takeuchi, Quantum elliptic vortex in a nematic-spin Bose-Einstein condensate, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 195302 (2021), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.195302.
  70. T.-L. Ho, Spinor Bose condensates in optical traps, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81(4), 742 (1998), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.742.
  71. Coarsening dynamics of an isotropic ferromagnetic superfluid, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 255301 (2017), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.255301.
  72. Quantum gases in optical boxes, Nat. Phys. 17(12), 1334 (2021).
  73. S. Uchino, M. Kobayashi and M. Ueda, Bogoliubov theory and Lee-Huang-Yang corrections in spin-1 and spin-2 Bose–Einstein condensates in the presence of the quadratic Zeeman effect, Phys. Rev. A 81, 063632 (2010), 10.1103/PhysRevA.81.063632.
  74. Anomalous phase ordering of a quenched ferromagnetic superfluid, SciPost Phys. 7, 29 (2019), 10.21468/SciPostPhys.7.3.029.
  75. Kolmogorov turbulence in low-temperature superflows, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3896 (1997), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.3896.
  76. Energy spectra of vortex distributions in two-dimensional quantum turbulence, Phys. Rev. X 2, 041001 (2012), 10.1103/PhysRevX.2.041001.
  77. Direct imaging of a digital-micromirror device for configurable microscopic optical potentials, Optica 3(10), 1136 (2016).

Summary

No one has generated a summary of this paper yet.

Sign Up to Summarize

Paper to Video (Beta)

No one has generated a video about this paper yet.

Sign Up to Generate All Videos Subscribe on YouTube

Whiteboard

No one has generated a whiteboard explanation for this paper yet.

Sign Up to Generate

Open Problems

We haven't generated a list of open problems mentioned in this paper yet.

Generate Now

Continue Learning

We haven't generated follow-up questions for this paper yet.

Generate Now

Tweets

Sign up for free to view the 1 tweet with 0 likes about this paper.

Sign Up for Free