Stratified Monge-Kantorovich optimal transport problems

Abstract: In this paper, we investigate Monge-Kantorovich problems for which the absolute continuity of marginals is relaxed. For $X,Y\subseteq\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$ let $(X,\mathcal{B}X,\mu)$ and $(Y,\mathcal{B}_Y,\nu)$ be two Borel probability spaces, $c:X\times Y\to\mathbb{R}$ be a cost function, and consider the problem \begin{align*}\tag{MKP}\label{MKPEQ} \inf\left{\int{X\times Y} c(x,y)\,d\lambda\ :\ \lambda \in\Pi(\mu,\nu) \right}. \end{align*} Inspired by the seminal paper \cite{GANGBOMCCANN2} with applications in shape recognition problem, we first consider \eqref{MKPEQ} for the cost $c(x,y)=h(x-y)$ with $h$ strictly convex defined on the multi-layers target space \begin{align*} X=\overline{X}\times{\overline{x}},\quad\text{and}\quad Y=\bigcup_{k=1}^K \left(\overline{Y}{k}\times {\overline{y}_k}\right), \end{align*} where $\overline{X}, \overline{Y}{k}\subseteq \mathbb{R}^{n}$ for $k\in {1,\ldots,K},$ $\overline{x}\in \mathbb{R}$, and ${\overline{y}1,..., \overline{y}_K}\subseteq \mathbb{R}$. Here, we assume that $\mu|\overline{X}\ll\mathcal{L}^n$ (the Lebesgue measure on $\mathbb{R}^n$), but $\mu$ is singular w.r.t. $\mathcal{L}^{n+1}$. When $K=1$, this translates to the standard \eqref{MKPEQ} for which the unique solution is concentrated on a map. We show that for $K\geq 2,$ the solution is still unique but it concentrates on the graph of several maps. Next, we study \eqref{MKPEQ} for a closed subset $X\subseteq \mathbb{R}^{n+1}$ and its $n$-dimensional submanifold $X_0$ with the first marginal of the form \begin{align*} \int_X f(x)\,d\mu(x)=\int_X f(x)\alpha(x)\,d\mathcal{L}^{n+1}(x)+\int_{X_0} f(x_0)\,d S(x_0),\ \ \forall f\in C_b(X). \end{align*} Here, $S$ is a measure on $X_0$ such that $S\ll \mathcal{L}^{n}$ on each coordinate chart of $X_0$. This can be seen as a two-layers problem as the measure $\mu$ charges both $n$- and $n+1$-dimensional subsets.