sCWatter: Open source coupled wave scattering simulation for spectroscopy and microscopy

Abstract: Several emerging microscopy imaging methods rely on complex interactions between the incident light and the sample. These include interferometry, spectroscopy, and nonlinear optics. Reconstructing a sample from the measured scattered field relies on fast and accurate optical models. Fast approaches like ray tracing and the Born approximation have limitations that are limited when working with high numerical apertures. This paper presents sCWatter, an open-source tool that utilizes coupled wave theory (CWT) to simulate and visualize the 3D electric field scattered by complex samples. The sample refractive index is specified on a volumetric grid, while the incident field is provided as a 2D image orthogonal to the optical path. We introduce connection equations between layers that significantly reduce the dimensionality of the CW linear system, enabling efficient parallel processing on consumer hardware. Further optimizations using Intel MKL and CUDA significantly accelerate both field simulation and visualization.