Papers
Topics
Authors
Recent
Search
2000 character limit reached

Metropolitan-scale heralded entanglement of solid-state qubits

Published 4 Apr 2024 in quant-ph | (2404.03723v1)

Abstract: A key challenge towards future quantum internet technology is connecting quantum processors at metropolitan scale. Here, we report on heralded entanglement between two independently operated quantum network nodes separated by 10km. The two nodes hosting diamond spin qubits are linked with a midpoint station via 25km of deployed optical fiber. We minimize the effects of fiber photon loss by quantum frequency conversion of the qubit-native photons to the telecom L-band and by embedding the link in an extensible phase-stabilized architecture enabling the use of the loss-resilient single-photon entangling protocol. By capitalizing on the full heralding capabilities of the network link in combination with real-time feedback logic on the long-lived qubits, we demonstrate the delivery of a predefined entangled state on the nodes irrespective of the heralding detection pattern. Addressing key scaling challenges and being compatible with different qubit systems, our architecture establishes a generic platform for exploring metropolitan-scale quantum networks.

Definition Search Book Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com
References (57)
  1. H. J. Kimble, “The quantum internet,” Nature, vol. 453, pp. 1023–1030, June 2008.
  2. S. Wehner, D. Elkouss, and R. Hanson, “Quantum internet: A vision for the road ahead,” Science, vol. 362, p. eaam9288, Oct. 2018.
  3. H. Buhrman, R. Cleve, J. Watrous, and R. de Wolf, “Quantum fingerprinting,” Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 87, p. 167902, Sep 2001.
  4. M. Ben-Or and A. Hassidim, “Fast quantum byzantine agreement,” in Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, STOC ’05, (New York, NY, USA), p. 481–485, Association for Computing Machinery, 2005.
  5. D. Gottesman, T. Jennewein, and S. Croke, “Longer-baseline telescopes using quantum repeaters,” Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 109, p. 070503, Aug 2012.
  6. J. F. Clauser, M. A. Horne, A. Shimony, and R. A. Holt, “Proposed experiment to test local hidden-variable theories,” Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 23, pp. 880–884, Oct 1969.
  7. D. L. Moehring, P. Maunz, S. Olmschenk, K. C. Younge, D. N. Matsukevich, L.-M. Duan, and C. Monroe, “Entanglement of single-atom quantum bits at a distance,” Nature, vol. 449, p. 68–71, Sept. 2007.
  8. S. Ritter, C. Nölleke, C. Hahn, A. Reiserer, A. Neuzner, M. Uphoff, M. Mücke, E. Figueroa, J. Bochmann, and G. Rempe, “An elementary quantum network of single atoms in optical cavities,” Nature, vol. 484, pp. 195–200, Apr. 2012.
  9. J. Hofmann, M. Krug, N. Ortegel, L. Gérard, M. Weber, W. Rosenfeld, and H. Weinfurter, “Heralded Entanglement Between Widely Separated Atoms,” Science, vol. 337, pp. 72–75, July 2012.
  10. H. Bernien, B. Hensen, W. Pfaff, G. Koolstra, M. S. Blok, L. Robledo, T. H. Taminiau, M. Markham, D. J. Twitchen, L. Childress, and R. Hanson, “Heralded entanglement between solid-state qubits separated by three metres,” Nature, vol. 497, p. 86–90, Apr. 2013.
  11. R. Stockill, M. J. Stanley, L. Huthmacher, E. Clarke, M. Hugues, A. J. Miller, C. Matthiesen, C. Le Gall, and M. Atatüre, “Phase-Tuned Entangled State Generation between Distant Spin Qubits,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 119, p. 010503, July 2017.
  12. L. Stephenson, D. Nadlinger, B. Nichol, S. An, P. Drmota, T. Ballance, K. Thirumalai, J. Goodwin, D. Lucas, and C. Ballance, “High-Rate, High-Fidelity Entanglement of Qubits Across an Elementary Quantum Network,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 124, p. 110501, Mar. 2020.
  13. V. Krutyanskiy, M. Galli, V. Krcmarsky, S. Baier, D. Fioretto, Y. Pu, A. Mazloom, P. Sekatski, M. Canteri, M. Teller, J. Schupp, J. Bate, M. Meraner, N. Sangouard, B. Lanyon, and T. Northup, “Entanglement of Trapped-Ion Qubits Separated by 230 Meters,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 130, p. 050803, Feb. 2023.
  14. P. Drmota, D. Main, D. Nadlinger, B. Nichol, M. Weber, E. Ainley, A. Agrawal, R. Srinivas, G. Araneda, C. Ballance, and D. Lucas, “Robust Quantum Memory in a Trapped-Ion Quantum Network Node,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 130, p. 090803, Mar. 2023.
  15. M. Pompili, C. Delle Donne, I. te Raa, B. van der Vecht, M. Skrzypczyk, G. Ferreira, L. de Kluijver, A. J. Stolk, S. L. N. Hermans, P. Pawełczak, W. Kozlowski, R. Hanson, and S. Wehner, “Experimental demonstration of entanglement delivery using a quantum network stack,” npj Quantum Information, vol. 8, pp. 1–10, Oct. 2022.
  16. M. Pompili, S. L. N. Hermans, S. Baier, H. K. C. Beukers, P. C. Humphreys, R. N. Schouten, R. F. L. Vermeulen, M. J. Tiggelman, L. dos Santos Martins, B. Dirkse, S. Wehner, and R. Hanson, “Realization of a multinode quantum network of remote solid-state qubits,” Science, vol. 372, pp. 259–264, Apr. 2021.
  17. S. L. N. Hermans, M. Pompili, H. K. C. Beukers, S. Baier, J. Borregaard, and R. Hanson, “Qubit teleportation between non-neighbouring nodes in a quantum network,” Nature, vol. 605, pp. 663–668, May 2022.
  18. P. Drmota, D. P. Nadlinger, D. Main, B. C. Nichol, E. M. Ainley, D. Leichtle, A. Mantri, E. Kashefi, R. Srinivas, G. Araneda, C. J. Ballance, and D. M. Lucas, “Verifiable blind quantum computing with trapped ions and single photons,” Feb. 2024.
  19. M. Bock, P. Eich, S. Kucera, M. Kreis, A. Lenhard, C. Becher, and J. Eschner, “High-fidelity entanglement between a trapped ion and a telecom photon via quantum frequency conversion,” Nature Communications, vol. 9, p. 1998, May 2018.
  20. V. Krutyanskiy, M. Meraner, J. Schupp, V. Krcmarsky, H. Hainzer, and B. P. Lanyon, “Light-matter entanglement over 50 km of optical fibre,” npj Quantum Information, vol. 5, pp. 1–5, Aug. 2019.
  21. M. Schäfer, B. Kambs, D. Herrmann, T. Bauer, and C. Becher, “Two-stage, low noise quantum frequency conversion of single photons from silicon-vacancy centers in diamond to the telecom c-band,” Advanced Quantum Technologies, p. 2300228, 2023.
  22. A. Tchebotareva, S. L. Hermans, P. C. Humphreys, D. Voigt, P. J. Harmsma, L. K. Cheng, A. L. Verlaan, N. Dijkhuizen, W. de Jong, A. Dréau, and R. Hanson, “Entanglement between a Diamond Spin Qubit and a Photonic Time-Bin Qubit at Telecom Wavelength,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 123, p. 063601, Aug. 2019.
  23. E. Bersin, M. Sutula, Y. Q. Huan, A. Suleymanzade, D. R. Assumpcao, Y.-C. Wei, P.-J. Stas, C. M. Knaut, E. N. Knall, C. Langrock, N. Sinclair, R. Murphy, R. Riedinger, M. Yeh, C. Xin, S. Bandyopadhyay, D. D. Sukachev, B. Machielse, D. S. Levonian, M. K. Bhaskar, S. Hamilton, H. Park, M. Lončar, M. M. Fejer, P. B. Dixon, D. R. Englund, and M. D. Lukin, “Telecom networking with a diamond quantum memory,” PRX Quantum, vol. 5, Jan. 2024.
  24. C. Bradley, J. Randall, M. Abobeih, R. Berrevoets, M. Degen, M. Bakker, M. Markham, D. Twitchen, and T. Taminiau, “A Ten-Qubit Solid-State Spin Register with Quantum Memory up to One Minute,” Physical Review X, vol. 9, p. 031045, Sept. 2019.
  25. V. Krutyanskiy, M. Canteri, M. Meraner, V. Krcmarsky, and B. P. Lanyon, “Multimode ion-photon entanglement over 101 kilometers of optical fiber,” Aug. 2023.
  26. T. van Leent, M. Bock, F. Fertig, R. Garthoff, S. Eppelt, Y. Zhou, P. Malik, M. Seubert, T. Bauer, W. Rosenfeld, W. Zhang, C. Becher, and H. Weinfurter, “Entangling single atoms over 33 km telecom fibre,” Nature, vol. 607, pp. 69–73, July 2022.
  27. C. M. Knaut, A. Suleymanzade, Y.-C. Wei, D. R. Assumpcao, P.-J. Stas, Y. Q. Huan, B. Machielse, E. N. Knall, M. Sutula, G. Baranes, N. Sinclair, C. De-Eknamkul, D. S. Levonian, M. K. Bhaskar, H. Park, M. Lončar, and M. D. Lukin, “Entanglement of Nanophotonic Quantum Memory Nodes in a Telecommunication Network,” Oct. 2023.
  28. D. Lago-Rivera, S. Grandi, J. V. Rakonjac, A. Seri, and H. de Riedmatten, “Telecom-heralded entanglement between multimode solid-state quantum memories,” Nature, vol. 594, p. 37–40, June 2021.
  29. X.-Y. Luo, Y. Yu, J.-L. Liu, M.-Y. Zheng, C.-Y. Wang, B. Wang, J. Li, X. Jiang, X.-P. Xie, Q. Zhang, X.-H. Bao, and J.-W. Pan, “Postselected entanglement between two atomic ensembles separated by 12.5 km,” Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 129, p. 050503, Jul 2022.
  30. J.-L. Liu, X.-Y. Luo, Y. Yu, C.-Y. Wang, B. Wang, Y. Hu, J. Li, M.-Y. Zheng, B. Yao, Z. Yan, D. Teng, J.-W. Jiang, X.-B. Liu, X.-P. Xie, J. Zhang, Q.-H. Mao, X. Jiang, Q. Zhang, X.-H. Bao, and J.-W. Pan, “A multinode quantum network over a metropolitan area,” Aug. 2023.
  31. D. Lago-Rivera, J. V. Rakonjac, S. Grandi, and H. d. Riedmatten, “Long distance multiplexed quantum teleportation from a telecom photon to a solid-state qubit,” Nature Communications, vol. 14, p. 1889, Apr. 2023.
  32. C. Cabrillo, J. I. Cirac, P. García-Fernández, and P. Zoller, “Creation of entangled states of distant atoms by interference,” Physical Review A, vol. 59, p. 1025–1033, Feb. 1999.
  33. S. Bose, P. L. Knight, M. B. Plenio, and V. Vedral, “Proposal for Teleportation of an Atomic State via Cavity Decay,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 83, pp. 5158–5161, Dec. 1999.
  34. A. J. Stolk, K. L. van der Enden, M.-C. Roehsner, A. Teepe, S. O. J. Faes, C. E. Bradley, S. Cadot, J. van Rantwijk, I. te Raa, R. A. J. Hagen, A. Verlaan, J. Biemond, A. Khorev, R. Vollmer, M. Markham, A. Edmonds, J. Morits, T. Taminiau, E. van Zwet, and R. Hanson, “Telecom-Band Quantum Interference of Frequency-Converted Photons from Remote Detuned NV Centers,” PRX Quantum, vol. 3, p. 020359, June 2022.
  35. J. Geus, F. Elsen, S. Nyga, A. Stolk, K. van der Enden, E. van Zwet, C. Haefner, R. Hanson, and B. Jungbluth, “Low-noise short-wavelength pumped frequency down-conversion for quantum frequency converters,” July 2023.
  36. A. Dréau, A. Tchebotareva, A. E. Mahdaoui, C. Bonato, and R. Hanson, “Quantum frequency conversion of single photons from a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond to telecommunication wavelengths,” Phys. Rev. Appl., vol. 9, p. 064031, Jun 2018.
  37. S. L. N. Hermans, M. Pompili, L. D. S. Martins, A. R.-P. Montblanch, H. K. C. Beukers, S. Baier, J. Borregaard, and R. Hanson, “Entangling remote qubits using the single-photon protocol: an in-depth theoretical and experimental study,” New Journal of Physics, vol. 25, p. 013011, jan 2023.
  38. E. F. Dierikx, A. E. Wallin, T. Fordell, J. Myyry, P. Koponen, M. Merimaa, T. J. Pinkert, J. C. J. Koelemeij, H. Z. Peek, and R. Smets, “White rabbit precision time protocol on long-distance fiber links,” IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, vol. 63, no. 7, pp. 945–952, 2016.
  39. C. A. Ryan, J. S. Hodges, and D. G. Cory, “Robust Decoupling Techniques to Extend Quantum Coherence in Diamond,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 105, p. 200402, Nov. 2010.
  40. M. H. Abobeih, J. Cramer, M. A. Bakker, N. Kalb, M. Markham, D. J. Twitchen, and T. H. Taminiau, “One-second coherence for a single electron spin coupled to a multi-qubit nuclear-spin environment,” Nature Communications, vol. 9, p. 2552, June 2018.
  41. P. Lodahl, “Quantum-dot based photonic quantum networks,” Quantum Science and Technology, vol. 3, p. 013001, Oct. 2017.
  42. C. Bradac, W. Gao, J. Forneris, M. E. Trusheim, and I. Aharonovich, “Quantum nanophotonics with group iv defects in diamond,” Nature Communications, vol. 10, p. 5625, Dec. 2019.
  43. N. T. Son, C. P. Anderson, A. Bourassa, K. C. Miao, C. Babin, M. Widmann, M. Niethammer, J. Ul Hassan, N. Morioka, I. G. Ivanov, F. Kaiser, J. Wrachtrup, and D. D. Awschalom, “Developing silicon carbide for quantum spintronics,” Applied Physics Letters, vol. 116, p. 190501, May 2020.
  44. M. Ruf, N. H. Wan, H. Choi, D. Englund, and R. Hanson, “Quantum networks based on color centers in diamond,” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 130, p. 070901, Aug. 2021.
  45. J. V. Rakonjac, S. Grandi, S. Wengerowsky, D. Lago-Rivera, F. Appas, and H. d. Riedmatten, “Transmission of light–matter entanglement over a metropolitan network,” Optica Quantum, vol. 1, p. 94–102, Dec. 2023.
  46. M. Ruf, M. Weaver, S. van Dam, and R. Hanson, “Resonant excitation and purcell enhancement of coherent nitrogen-vacancy centers coupled to a fabry-perot microcavity,” Physical Review Applied, vol. 15, p. 024049, Feb. 2021.
  47. D. Riedel, I. Söllner, B. J. Shields, S. Starosielec, P. Appel, E. Neu, P. Maletinsky, and R. J. Warburton, “Deterministic enhancement of coherent photon generation from a nitrogen-vacancy center in ultrapure diamond,” Phys. Rev. X, vol. 7, p. 031040, Sep 2017.
  48. A. Sipahigil, R. E. Evans, D. D. Sukachev, M. J. Burek, J. Borregaard, M. K. Bhaskar, C. T. Nguyen, J. L. Pacheco, H. A. Atikian, C. Meuwly, R. M. Camacho, F. Jelezko, E. Bielejec, H. Park, M. Lončar, and M. D. Lukin, “An integrated diamond nanophotonics platform for quantum-optical networks,” Science, vol. 354, p. 847–850, Nov. 2016.
  49. M. Pasini, N. Codreanu, T. Turan, A. R. Moral, C. F. Primavera, L. De Santis, H. K. C. Beukers, J. M. Brevoord, C. Waas, J. Borregaard, and R. Hanson, “Nonlinear quantum photonics with a tin-vacancy center coupled to a one-dimensional diamond waveguide,” 2023.
  50. P.-J. Stas, Y. Q. Huan, B. Machielse, E. N. Knall, A. Suleymanzade, B. Pingault, M. Sutula, S. W. Ding, C. M. Knaut, D. R. Assumpcao, Y.-C. Wei, M. K. Bhaskar, R. Riedinger, D. D. Sukachev, H. Park, M. Lončar, D. S. Levonian, and M. D. Lukin, “Robust multi-qubit quantum network node with integrated error detection,” Science, vol. 378, no. 6619, pp. 557–560, 2022.
  51. V. Krutyanskiy, M. Canteri, M. Meraner, J. Bate, V. Krcmarsky, J. Schupp, N. Sangouard, and B. Lanyon, “Telecom-Wavelength Quantum Repeater Node Based on a Trapped-Ion Processor,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 130, p. 213601, May 2023.
  52. N. Kalb, A. A. Reiserer, P. C. Humphreys, J. J. W. Bakermans, S. J. Kamerling, N. H. Nickerson, S. C. Benjamin, D. J. Twitchen, M. Markham, and R. Hanson, “Entanglement distillation between solid-state quantum network nodes,” Science, vol. 356, p. 928–932, June 2017.
  53. A. J. Stolk, K. L. van der Enden, M.-C. Slater, I. te Raa-Derckx, P. Botma, J. van Rantwijk, J. J. B. Biemond, R. A. J. Hagen, R. W. Herfst, W. D. Koek, A. J. H. Meskers, R. Vollmer, E. J. van Zwet, M. Markham, A. M. Edmonds, J. F. Geus, F. Elsen, B. Jungbluth, C. Haefner, C. Tresp, J. Stuhler, S. Ritter, and R. Hanson, “Data and software supporting ”Metropolitan-scale heralded entanglement of solid-state qubits” 4TU.ResearchData.” https://doi.org/10.4121/983e4771-1d12-457f-a98e-fab3a2959288, 2024.
  54. I. T. Raa, H. K. Ervasti, P. J. Botma, L. C. Visser, R. Budhrani, J. F. van Rantwijk, S. P. Cadot, J. Vermeltfoort, M. Pompili, A. J. Stolk, M. J. Weaver, K. L. van der Enden, D. de Leeuw Duarte, M. Teng, J. van Zwieten, and F. Grooteman, “QMI - Quantum Measurement Infrastructure, a Python 3 framework for controlling laboratory equipment,” Oct. 2023.
  55. M. Pompili, Multi-Node Quantum Networks with Diamond Qubits. PhD thesis, Delft University of Technology, 2021.
  56. C. Granade, J. Combes, and D. G. Cory, “Practical bayesian tomography,” New Journal of Physics, vol. 18, p. 033024, Mar. 2016.
  57. C. Granade, C. Ferrie, I. Hincks, S. Casagrande, T. Alexander, J. Gross, M. Kononenko, and Y. Sanders, “Qinfer: Statistical inference software for quantum applications,” Quantum, vol. 1, p. 5, Apr. 2017.
Citations (12)
View on Semantic Scholar

Summary

No one has generated a summary of this paper yet.

Ai Sparkles Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com Sign Up to Summarize

Paper to Video (Beta)

Whiteboard

No one has generated a whiteboard explanation for this paper yet.

Ai Sparkles Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com Sign Up to Generate

Open Problems

We haven't generated a list of open problems mentioned in this paper yet.

Ai Sparkles Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com Generate Now

Continue Learning

We haven't generated follow-up questions for this paper yet.

Ai Sparkles Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com Generate Now

Collections

Sign up for free to add this paper to one or more collections.

User Circle Single Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com Sign Up

Tweets

Sign up for free to view the 1 tweet with 0 likes about this paper.

User Circle Single Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com Sign Up for Free