Atomic evolution of hydrogen intercalation wave dynamics in palladium nanocrystals (2404.02416v2)
Abstract: Solute-intercalation-induced phase separation creates spatial heterogeneities in host materials, a phenomenon ubiquitous in batteries, hydrogen storage, and other energy devices. Despite many efforts, probing intercalation processes at the atomic scale has been a significant challenge. We study hydrogen (de)intercalation in palladium nanocrystals as a model system and achieve atomic-resolution imaging of hydrogen intercalation wave dynamics by utilizing liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy. Our observations reveal that intercalation wave mechanisms, instead of shrinking-core mechanisms, prevail at ambient temperature for palladium nanocubes ranging from ~60 nm down to ~10 nm. We uncover the atomic evolution of hydrogen intercalation wave transitioning from non-planar and inclined boundaries to those closely aligned with {100} planes. Our kinetic Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the observed intercalation wave dynamics correspond to sorption pathways minimizing the lattice mismatch strain at the phase boundary. Unveiling the atomic intercalation pathways holds profound implications for engineering intercalation-mediated devices and advancements in energy sciences.
- H. Zhang, N. Pryds, D.-S. Park, N. Gauquelin, S. Santucci, D. V. Christensen, D. Jannis, D. Chezganov, D. A. Rata, A. R. Insinga, I. E. Castelli, J. Verbeeck, I. Lubomirsky, P. Muralt, D. Damjanovic, and V. Esposito, “Atomically engineered interfaces yield extraordinary electrostriction,” Nature 609 (2022a).
- X. Sun, D. Wu, L. Zou, S. D. House, X. Chen, M. Li, D. N. Zakharov, J. C. Yang, and G. Zhou, “Dislocation-induced stop-and-go kinetics of interfacial transformations,” Nature 607 (2022).
- H. Zheng, J. Wang, S. E. Lofland, Z. Ma, L. Mohaddes-Ardabili, T. Zhao, L. Salamanca-Riba, S. R. Shinde, S. B. Ogale, F. Bai, D. Viehland, Y. Jia, D. G. Schlom, M. Wuttig, A. Roytburd, and R. Ramesh, “Multiferroic BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 Nanostructures,” Science 303 (2004).
- A. Baldi, T. C. Narayan, A. L. Koh, and J. A. Dionne, “In situ detection of hydrogen-induced phase transitions in individual palladium nanocrystals,” Nature Mater 13 (2014).
- L. Zou, C. Yang, Y. Lei, D. Zakharov, J. M. K. Wiezorek, D. Su, Q. Yin, J. Li, Z. Liu, E. A. Stach, J. C. Yang, L. Qi, G. Wang, and G. Zhou, “Dislocation nucleation facilitated by atomic segregation,” Nature Mater 17, 56–63 (2018).
- S. Syrenova, C. Wadell, F. A. A. Nugroho, T. A. Gschneidtner, Y. A. Diaz Fernandez, G. Nalin, D. Świtlik, F. Westerlund, T. J. Antosiewicz, V. P. Zhdanov, K. Moth-Poulsen, and C. Langhammer, “Hydride formation thermodynamics and hysteresis in individual Pd nanocrystals with different size and shape,” Nature Mater 14, 1236–1244 (2015).
- J. A. Steele, H. Jin, I. Dovgaliuk, R. F. Berger, T. Braeckevelt, H. Yuan, C. Martin, E. Solano, K. Lejaeghere, S. M. J. Rogge, C. NOOPnotebaert, W. Vandezande, K. P. F. Janssen, B. Goderis, E. Debroye, Y.-K. Wang, Y. Dong, D. Ma, M. Saidaminov, H. Tan, Z. Lu, V. Dyadkin, D. Chernyshov, V. Van Speybroeck, E. H. Sargent, J. Hofkens, and M. B. J. Roeffaers, “Thermal unequilibrium of strained black CsPbI3 thin films,” Science 365, 679–684 (2019).
- Y. Chen, Y. Lei, Y. Li, Y. Yu, J. Cai, M.-H. Chiu, R. Rao, Y. Gu, C. Wang, W. Choi, H. Hu, C. Wang, Y. Li, J. Song, J. Zhang, B. Qi, M. Lin, Z. Zhang, A. E. Islam, B. Maruyama, S. Dayeh, L.-J. Li, K. Yang, Y.-H. Lo, and S. Xu, “Strain engineering and epitaxial stabilization of halide perovskites,” Nature 577, 209–215 (2020).
- G. Liu, A. J. Shih, H. Deng, K. Ojha, X. Chen, M. Luo, I. T. McCrum, M. T. M. Koper, J. Greeley, and Z. Zeng, “Site-specific reactivity of stepped Pt surfaces driven by stress release,” Nature 626, 1005–1010 (2024).
- Z. Bai, A. Misra, and Y. Fan, “Universal Trend in the dynamic relaxations of tilted metastable grain boundaries during ultrafast thermal cycle,” Materials Research Letters 10, 343–351 (2022).
- M. H. Oh, M. G. Cho, D. Y. Chung, I. Park, Y. P. Kwon, C. Ophus, D. Kim, M. G. Kim, B. Jeong, X. W. Gu, J. Jo, J. M. Yoo, J. Hong, S. McMains, K. Kang, Y.-E. Sung, A. P. Alivisatos, and T. Hyeon, “Design and synthesis of multigrain nanocrystals via geometric misfit strain,” Nature 577, 359–363 (2020).
- Y. Xu, J.-H. Park, Z. Yao, C. Wolverton, M. Razeghi, J. Wu, and V. P. Dravid, “Strain-Induced Metastable Phase Stabilization in Ga2O3 Thin Films | ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,” (2019).
- J. Kacher, B. P. Eftink, and I. M. Robertson, “In situ transmission electron microscopy investigation of dislocation interactions,” in Handbook of Mechanics of Materials (Unknown Publisher, 2019) pp. 131–166.
- R. W. G. Wyckoff, The Structure of Crystals (Chemical Catalog Company, Incorporated, 1924).
- E. Wicke and H. Brodowsky, “Hydrogen in palladium and palladium alloys,” , 73–155 (1978).
- B. Ingham, M. F. Toney, S. C. Hendy, T. Cox, D. D. Fong, J. A. Eastman, P. H. Fuoss, K. J. Stevens, A. Lassesson, S. A. Brown, and M. P. Ryan, “Particle size effect of hydrogen-induced lattice expansion of palladium nanoclusters,” Phys. Rev. B 78, 245408 (2008).
- M. Yamauchi, R. Ikeda, H. Kitagawa, and M. Takata, “Nanosize Effects on Hydrogen Storage in Palladium,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 3294–3299 (2008).
- N. Liu, M. L. Tang, M. Hentschel, H. Giessen, and A. P. Alivisatos, “Nanoantenna-enhanced gas sensing in a single tailored nanofocus,” Nature Mater 10, 631–636 (2011).
- R. Bardhan, L. O. Hedges, C. L. Pint, A. Javey, S. Whitelam, and J. J. Urban, “Uncovering the intrinsic size dependence of hydriding phase transformations in nanocrystals,” Nature Mater 12, 905–912 (2013).
- G. Li, H. Kobayashi, J. M. Taylor, R. Ikeda, Y. Kubota, K. Kato, M. Takata, T. Yamamoto, S. Toh, S. Matsumura, and H. Kitagawa, “Hydrogen storage in Pd nanocrystals covered with a metal–organic framework,” Nature Mater 13, 802–806 (2014).
- R. Griessen, N. Strohfeldt, and H. Giessen, “Thermodynamics of the hybrid interaction of hydrogen with palladium nanoparticles,” Nature Mater 15, 311–317 (2016).
- T. C. Narayan, F. Hayee, A. Baldi, A. Leen Koh, R. Sinclair, and J. A. Dionne, “Direct visualization of hydrogen absorption dynamics in individual palladium nanoparticles,” Nat Commun 8, 14020 (2017).
- A. Ulvestad, M. J. Welland, W. Cha, Y. Liu, J. W. Kim, R. Harder, E. Maxey, J. N. Clark, M. J. Highland, H. You, P. Zapol, S. O. Hruszkewycz, and G. B. Stephenson, “Three-dimensional imaging of dislocation dynamics during the hydriding phase transformation,” Nature Mater 16, 565–571 (2017).
- A. Schneemann, J. L. White, S. Kang, S. Jeong, L. F. Wan, E. S. Cho, T. W. Heo, D. Prendergast, J. L. Urban, B. C. Wood, M. D. Allendorf, and V. Stavila, “Nanostructured Metal Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage | Chemical Reviews,” (2018).
- K. Sytwu, F. Hayee, T. C. Narayan, A. L. Koh, R. Sinclair, and J. A. Dionne, “Visualizing Facet-Dependent Hydrogenation Dynamics in Individual Palladium Nanoparticles,” Nano Lett. 18, 5357–5363 (2018).
- N. J. J. Johnson, B. Lam, B. P. MacLeod, R. S. Sherbo, M. Moreno-Gonzalez, D. K. Fork, and C. P. Berlinguette, “Facets and vertices regulate hydrogen uptake and release in palladium nanocrystals,” Nat. Mater. 18, 454–458 (2019).
- K. Koo, Z. Li, Y. Liu, S. M. Ribet, X. Fu, Y. Jia, X. Chen, G. Shekhawat, P. J. M. Smeets, R. dos Reis, J. Park, J. M. Yuk, X. Hu, and V. P. Dravid, “Ultrathin silicon nitride microchip for in situ/operando microscopy with high spatial resolution and spectral visibility,” Science Advances 10, eadj6417 (2024).
- Z.-W. Yin, S. B. Betzler, T. Sheng, Q. Zhang, X. Peng, J. Shangguan, K. C. Bustillo, J.-T. Li, S.-G. Sun, and H. Zheng, “Visualization of facet-dependent pseudo-photocatalytic behavior of TiO2 nanorods for water splitting using In situ liquid cell TEM,” Nano Energy 62, 507–512 (2019).
- Q. Zhang, X. Peng, Y. Nie, Q. Zheng, J. Shangguan, C. Zhu, K. C. Bustillo, P. Ercius, L. Wang, D. T. Limmer, and H. Zheng, “Defect-mediated ripening of core-shell nanostructures,” Nat Commun 13, 2211 (2022b).
- E. J. Hart, “The Hydrated Electron,” Science 146, 19–25 (1964).
- J. M. Grogan, N. M. Schneider, F. M. Ross, and H. H. Bau, “Bubble and Pattern Formation in Liquid Induced by an Electron Beam,” Nano Lett. 14, 359–364 (2014).
- N. M. Schneider, M. M. Norton, B. J. Mendel, J. M. Grogan, F. M. Ross, and H. H. Bau, “Electron–Water Interactions and Implications for Liquid Cell Electron Microscopy | The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,” (2014).
- P. Fratzl, O. Penrose, and J. L. Lebowitz, “Modeling of Phase Separation in Alloys with Coherent Elastic Misfit,” Journal of Statistical Physics 95, 1429–1503 (1999).
- L. B. Frechette, C. Dellago, and P. L. Geissler, “Origin of mean-field behavior in an elastic Ising model,” Phys. Rev. B 102, 024102 (2020).
- L. B. Frechette, C. Dellago, and P. L. Geissler, “Elastic forces drive nonequilibrium pattern formation in a model of nanocrystal ion exchange | PNAS,” (2021).
- M. J. Hÿtch, E. Snoeck, and R. Kilaas, “Quantitative measurement of displacement and strain fields from HREM micrographs,” Ultramicroscopy 74, 131–146 (1998).
- J. L. Rouvière and E. Sarigiannidou, “Theoretical discussions on the geometrical phase analysis,” Ultramicroscopy 106, 1–17 (2005).
- Y. Zhu, C. Ophus, J. Ciston, and H. Wang, “Interface lattice displacement measurement to 1 pm by geometric phase analysis on aberration-corrected HAADF STEM images,” Acta Materialia 61, 5646–5663 (2013).
- M. Nishino, T. Nakada, C. Enachescu, K. Boukheddaden, and S. Miyashita, “Crossover of the roughness exponent for interface growth in systems with long-range interactions due to lattice distortion,” (2013).
- W. M. Tong and R. S. Williams, “Kinetics of Surface Growth: Phenomenology, Scaling, and Mechanisms of Smoothening and Roughening,” Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 45, 401–438 (1994).
- S. Mukherji and S. M. Bhattacharjee, “Nonlocality in Kinetic Roughening,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 2502–2505 (1997).
- P. S. Epstein and M. S. Plesset, “On the Stability of Gas Bubbles in Liquid‐Gas Solutions,” The Journal of Chemical Physics 18, 1505–1509 (1950).
- Q. Kim, D. Shin, J. Park, D. A. Weitz, and W. Jhe, “Initial growth dynamics of 10 nm nanobubbles in the graphene liquid cell,” Appl Nanosci 11, 1–7 (2021).
- B. R. Jany, A. Janas, and F. Krok, “Automatic microscopic image analysis by moving window local Fourier Transform and Machine Learning,” Micron 130, 102800 (2020).
- D. K. Hsu and R. G. Leisure, “Elastic constants of palladium and $\ensuremath{\beta}$-phase palladium hydride between 4 and 300 K,” Phys. Rev. B 20, 1339–1344 (1979).
- L. B. Frechette, C. Dellago, and P. L. Geissler, “Consequences of Lattice Mismatch for Phase Equilibrium in Heterostructured Solids,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 135701 (2019).
- D. T. Gillespie, “Stochastic Simulation of Chemical Kinetics,” Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 58, 35–55 (2007).
- A. Grossfield, “An implementation of WHAM: the Weighted Histogram Analysis Method Version 2.0.10,” (2011).
- T. B. Flanagan and W. A. Oates, “The Palladium-Hydrogen System,” Annual Review of Materials Research 21, 269–304 (1991).
- A. P. Willard and D. Chandler, “Instantaneous Liquid Interfaces,” J. Phys. Chem. B 114, 1954–1958 (2010).
Paper Prompts
Sign up for free to create and run prompts on this paper using GPT-5.
Top Community Prompts
Collections
Sign up for free to add this paper to one or more collections.