Stellar obliquity measurements of six gas giants

Abstract: One can infer the orbital alignment of exoplanets with respect to the spin of their host stars using the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect, thereby giving us the chance to test planet formation and migration theories and improve our understanding of the currently observed population. We analyze archival HARPS and HARPS-N spectroscopic transit time series of six gas giant exoplanets on short orbits, namely WASP-77 Ab, WASP-101b, WASP-103b, WASP-105b, WASP-120b and WASP-131b. We find a moderately misaligned orbit for WASP-101b ($\lambda =34\degree\ \pm$ 3) and a highly misaligned orbit for WASP-131b ($\lambda =161\degree\ \pm$ 5), while the four remaining ones appear aligned: WASP-77 Ab ($\lambda =-8\degree\ ^{+19}_{-18}$), WASP-103b ($\lambda =2\degree\ ^{+35}_{-36}$), WASP-105b ($\lambda =-14\degree\ ^{+28}_{-24}$), and WASP-120b ($\lambda =-2\degree\ \pm$ 4). For WASP-77 Ab, we were able to infer its true orbital obliquity ($\Psi =48\degree\ ^{+22}_{-21}$). We additionally perform transmission spectroscopy of the targets in search of strong atomic absorbers in the exoatmospheres, but are unable to detect any features, most likely due to the presence of high-altitude clouds or Rayleigh scattering muting the strength of the features. Finally, we comment on future perspectives for studying these targets with the upcoming space missions to investigate the evolution and migration histories of these planets.