Generation and effects of primordial magnetic fields during inflation

Abstract: In this thesis, we aim to investigate the mechanisms underlying the genesis of magnetic fields in the Universe and explore their potential in addressing the matter-antimatter asymmetry. We construct consistent models that generate the helical magnetic field consistent with observations. We also develop an effective field theory approach to magnetogenesis, where the choice of EFT parameters describes the magnetogenesis scenario in the early Universe, and different choices of parameters correspond to different models. Our EFT explicitly shows that generating primordial magnetic fields requires two necessary conditions: conformal invariance breaking and causal propagation. Furthermore, we establish that the presence of a strong magnetic field near compact objects, such as neutron stars, aids in understanding the phenomenon of Fast radio bursts through the conversion of gravitational waves to electromagnetic waves in the background of a strong transverse magnetic field.