Fusion energy commercialization requires solving social and environmental challenges

Abstract: Fusion energy, the process that uses the same reaction that powers the sun and the stars, offers the promise of virtually unlimited, carbon-free energy and is approaching reality. Recently, there's been a dramatic global increase in the investment and research focused on addressing the hurdles to commercialize fusion energy. While a majority of the effort has been focused on gaps in technology, little work has been done to address the societal and environmental impacts of this technology. Three community- and environmentally-focused research priorities are identified for commercializing fusion energy: 1) understanding the environmental impacts of fusion energy across the technology lifecycle, 2) developing risk and safety assessment methodologies for fusion power plant technologies, and 3) creating a community-based socially engaged approach for fusion technology design and development. This approach will benefit private companies who wish to deploy future fusion power plants as concerns about the technology will be addressed early in the design process, thus minimizing delays in deployment that may result in increased costs for developers. Community engagement around fusion technology development must be evidence-based in order to build trust between communities and technology developers. Such an approach is grounded in informed consent is vital for the sustainable development and use of fusion technologies.