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Quasi-Classical Gluon Fields and Low's Soft Theorem at Small $x$

Published 27 Feb 2024 in hep-ph | (2402.17568v2)

Abstract: In the high energy limit, soft gluons can be approximately described by quasi-classical gluon fields. It is well-known that the gluon field is a pure gauge field on the transverse plane at eikonal order. We derived the complete next-to-eikonal order solutions of the classical Yang-Mills equations for soft gluons in the dense nuclear regime. Utilizing these solutions, it is shown that Low's soft theorem at small x can be obtained by considering off-diagonal matrix elements of quasi-classical chromoelectric field between single gluon states in the dilute regime. We further propose on extending Low's soft theorem at small x to incorporate the effects of gluon saturation in the dense regime.

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