Noether inequality for irregular threefolds of general type

Abstract: Let $X$ be a smooth irregular $3$-fold of general type over $\mathbb{C}$. We prove that the optimal Noether inequality $\mathrm{vol}(X) \ge \frac{4}{3}p_g(X)$ holds if $p_g(X) \ge 16$ or if $X$ has a Gorenstein minimal model. Moreover, when $X$ attains the equality and $p_g(X) \ge 16$, its canonical model can be explicitly described.