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Hexadecapole deformation of $^{238}$U from relativistic heavy-ion collisions using a nonlinear response coefficient

Published 26 Feb 2024 in nucl-th and nucl-ex | (2402.16550v3)

Abstract: The hexadecapole deformation ($\beta_4$) of the ${238}$U nucleus has not been determined because its effect is overwhelmed by those from the nucleus' large quadrupole deformation ($\beta_2$) in nuclear electric transition measurements. In this Letter, we identify the nonlinear response of the hexadecapole anisotropy to ellipticity in relativistic ${238}$U+ ${238}$U collisions that is solely sensitive to $\beta_4$ and insensitive to $\beta_2$. We demonstrate this by state-of-the-art hydrodynamic calculations and discuss the prospects of discovering the $\beta_4$ of ${238}$U in heavy-ion data at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.

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