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What Makes A Discovery

Published 1 Dec 2023 in hep-ph, astro-ph.CO, astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.HE, physics.data-an, and physics.hist-ph | (2312.00672v1)

Abstract: In this contribution to the proceedings of the 182nd Nobel Symposium, I reflect on the concept of "discovery" as it is used by physicists and astronomers. In particular, I comment on how the scientific community distinguishes discoveries from propositions that are supported only by lesser forms of evidence, emphasizing the social nature of this process and remarking on the subjective factors that go into making such judgements. I advocate for an approach that is intentionally Bayesian in nature, in which individuals are encouraged to evaluate and publicly state their priors and to update them systematically. I close by applying these practices to the case example of the Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess.

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