On Maxwell-Bloch systems with inhomogeneous broadening and one-sided nonzero background (2311.06867v1)

Abstract: The inverse scattering transform is developed to solve the Maxwell-Bloch system of equations that describes two-level systems with inhomogeneous broadening, in the case of optical pulses that do not vanish at infinity in the future. The direct problem, which is formulated in terms of a suitably-defined uniformization variable, combines features of the formalism with decaying as well as non-decaying fields. The inverse problem is formulated in terms of a $2\times 2$ matrix Riemann-Hilbert problem. A novel aspect of the problem is that no reflectionless solutions can exist, and solitons are always accompanied by radiation. At the same time, it is also shown that, when the medium is initially in the ground state, the radiative components of the solutions decay upon propagation into the medium, giving rise to an asymptotically reflectionless states. Like what happens when the optical pulse decays rapidly in the distant past and the distant future, a medium that is initially excited decays to the stable ground state as $t\to \infty$ and for sufficiently large propagation distances. Finally, the asymptotic state of the medium and certain features of the optical pulse inside the medium are considered, and the emergence of a transition region upon propagation in the medium is briefly discussed.