Designing a Kinetic Façade Using BB-BC Algorithm with a Focus on Enhancing Building Energy Efficiency

Abstract: In order to increase energy efficiency in buildings, optimizing the parameters of the facade form can be challenging due to the dynamic nature of solar radiation. One effective solution is the use of kinetic facades as a second skin, which can control energy consumption. This study proposes a parametric kinetic facade to increase building energy efficiency, along with a framework to optimize its form using the Bang-Big Crunch (BB-BC) optimization algorithm. The study involved modeling a two-story office building in Shiraz city and calculating the energy consumption resulting from building operation over a three-day period without considering the second skin of the facade. In the second stage of the study, the second skin was optimized for the same three-day interval and calculated as a parametric, static facade. In the last step, the parameters of the second skin were optimized for three one-day intervals, assuming the possibility of kinematic changes each day. The total energy consumption of building operation for the three days was then calculated and analyzed.The Python programming language was used to develop the optimization algorithm, while Rhino software, and Grasshopper, Ladybug, and Honeybee plugins were used for building modeling and simulation of light, energy, and weather parameters.The results of the study demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed kinetic facade and the proper performance of the proposed algorithm for solving similar problems. The study found that the use of the second skin with kinetic function reduced energy consumption by 28%. Additionally, the results from the second and third stages of the study showed that the use of the second facade shell with kinematic function, compared to its function in static mode, reduced energy consumption by 4%.Overall...