On improvements of the Hardy, Copson and Rellich inequalities

Abstract: Using a method of factorization and by introducing a generalized discrete Dirichlet's Laplacian matrix $(-\Delta_{\Lambda})$, we establish an extended improved discrete Hardy's inequality and Rellich inequality in one dimension. We prove that the discrete Copson inequality (E.T. Copson, \emph{Notes on a series of positive terms}, J. London Math. Soc., 2 (1927), 9-12.) in one-dimension admits an improvement. We also prove that the improved Copson's weights are optimal (in fact \emph{critical}). It is shown that improvement of the Knopp inequalities (Knopp in J. London Math. Soc. 3(1928), 205-211 and 5(1930), 13-21) lies on improvement of the Rellich inequalities. Further, an improvement of the generalized Hardy's inequality (Hardy in Messanger of Math. 54(1925), 150-156) in a special case is obtained.