Ward identity preserving approach for investigation of phonon spectrum with self-energy and vertex corrections

Abstract: We propose an approach for investigating the many body effects on phonon spectrum in an electron-phonon coupled system by taking into account the electron self-energy and vertex corrections which respect the Ward identity representing the conservation of electronic charge. Our approach provides a systematic diagrammatic expansion of the phonon self-energy $\Pi(\mathbf{q},\omega)$ in powers of the electron-phonon scattering strength $(g^2)$. In this approach the many body corrections to phonon spectrum vanish identically in the regime of long-wavelength excitations ($\mathbf{q} \rightarrow 0$) due to an exact cancellation between the contributions arising from electron self-energy and vertex corrections. Our results demonstrate that the contributions of electron self-energy and vertex corrections are not only comparable but they also tend to cancel each oher so that the phonon spectrum remains nearly unaffected due to many body effects in the regime of long-wavelength excitations ($\mathbf{q} \rightarrow 0$)