Post-decay quantum entanglement in top pair production

Abstract: Top pairs produced at the Large Hadron Collider exhibit quantum entanglement of their spins near threshold and for boosted, central $t \bar t$ pairs. The entanglement is maintained between the decay products, in particular between the top quark and the $W^-$ boson from the anti-quark (or vice-versa, between $\bar t$ and $W^+$) in certain kinematical regions. Therefore, $t \bar t$ production provides a rare opportunity to verify the spin entanglement between a fermion and a boson. The $tW$ entanglement can be probed at the $7\sigma$ level near threshold with Run 2 data, and at the $5\sigma$ level in the boosted region with the foreseen Run 3 luminosity. In addition, the entanglement between the two $W$ bosons can be probed at the $4\sigma$ level at the LHC Run 3.