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Verifi-Chain: A Credentials Verifier using Blockchain and IPFS (2307.05797v1)

Published 11 Jul 2023 in cs.CR and cs.DC

Abstract: Submitting fake certificates is a common problem in Southeast Asia, which prevents qualified candidates from getting the jobs they deserve. When applying for a job, students must provide academic credentials as proof of their qualifications, acquired both inside and outside the classroom. Verifying academic documents before hiring is crucial to prevent fraud. Employing blockchain technology has the potential to address this issue. Blockchain provides an electronic certificate that is tamper-proof and non-repudiable, making it difficult for students to manipulate their academic credentials. This paper presents a prototype for an academic credential verification model that leverages the security features of blockchain and IPFS (Interplanetary File System). Certificates are temporarily stored in a database before being transferred to IPFS, where a unique hash code is generated using a hashing algorithm. This hash code serves as the certificate's unique identity and is stored in the blockchain nodes. Companies can verify an applicant's credentials by searching for the applicant and accessing their already verified certificates. Utilizing IPFS as a middleman storage platform lowers the expenses of directly storing massive data on the blockchain. To sum it up, the proposed solution would make the process of certificate verification more efficient, secure, and cost-effective. It would save time and resources that would otherwise be used to manually verify certificates.

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References (16)
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In: 2019 Fifth International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP), pp. 246–251 (2019). IEEE Zheng et al. (2018) Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.-N., Chen, X., Wang, H.: Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International journal of web and grid services 14(4), 352–375 (2018) Athanere and Thakur (2022) Athanere, S., Thakur, R.: Blockchain based hierarchical semi-decentralized approach using ipfs for secure and efficient data sharing. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 34(4), 1523–1534 (2022) Saleh et al. (2020) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Monrat, A.A., Schelén, O., Andersson, K.: A survey of blockchain from the perspectives of applications, challenges, and opportunities. IEEE Access 7, 117134–117151 (2019) Zhang et al. (2019) Zhang, R., Xue, R., Liu, L.: Security and privacy on blockchain. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 52(3), 1–34 (2019) Chatterjee and Chatterjee (2017) Chatterjee, R., Chatterjee, R.: An overview of the emerging technology: Blockchain. In: 2017 3rd International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Networks (CINE), pp. 126–127 (2017). IEEE Benet (2014) Benet, J.: Ipfs-content addressed, versioned, p2p file system. arXiv preprint arXiv:1407.3561 (2014) Kumar and Tripathi (2019) Kumar, R., Tripathi, R.: Implementation of distributed file storage and access framework using ipfs and blockchain. In: 2019 Fifth International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP), pp. 246–251 (2019). IEEE Zheng et al. (2018) Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.-N., Chen, X., Wang, H.: Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International journal of web and grid services 14(4), 352–375 (2018) Athanere and Thakur (2022) Athanere, S., Thakur, R.: Blockchain based hierarchical semi-decentralized approach using ipfs for secure and efficient data sharing. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 34(4), 1523–1534 (2022) Saleh et al. (2020) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Zhang, R., Xue, R., Liu, L.: Security and privacy on blockchain. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 52(3), 1–34 (2019) Chatterjee and Chatterjee (2017) Chatterjee, R., Chatterjee, R.: An overview of the emerging technology: Blockchain. In: 2017 3rd International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Networks (CINE), pp. 126–127 (2017). IEEE Benet (2014) Benet, J.: Ipfs-content addressed, versioned, p2p file system. arXiv preprint arXiv:1407.3561 (2014) Kumar and Tripathi (2019) Kumar, R., Tripathi, R.: Implementation of distributed file storage and access framework using ipfs and blockchain. In: 2019 Fifth International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP), pp. 246–251 (2019). IEEE Zheng et al. (2018) Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.-N., Chen, X., Wang, H.: Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International journal of web and grid services 14(4), 352–375 (2018) Athanere and Thakur (2022) Athanere, S., Thakur, R.: Blockchain based hierarchical semi-decentralized approach using ipfs for secure and efficient data sharing. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 34(4), 1523–1534 (2022) Saleh et al. (2020) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Chatterjee, R., Chatterjee, R.: An overview of the emerging technology: Blockchain. In: 2017 3rd International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Networks (CINE), pp. 126–127 (2017). IEEE Benet (2014) Benet, J.: Ipfs-content addressed, versioned, p2p file system. arXiv preprint arXiv:1407.3561 (2014) Kumar and Tripathi (2019) Kumar, R., Tripathi, R.: Implementation of distributed file storage and access framework using ipfs and blockchain. In: 2019 Fifth International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP), pp. 246–251 (2019). IEEE Zheng et al. (2018) Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.-N., Chen, X., Wang, H.: Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International journal of web and grid services 14(4), 352–375 (2018) Athanere and Thakur (2022) Athanere, S., Thakur, R.: Blockchain based hierarchical semi-decentralized approach using ipfs for secure and efficient data sharing. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 34(4), 1523–1534 (2022) Saleh et al. (2020) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Benet, J.: Ipfs-content addressed, versioned, p2p file system. arXiv preprint arXiv:1407.3561 (2014) Kumar and Tripathi (2019) Kumar, R., Tripathi, R.: Implementation of distributed file storage and access framework using ipfs and blockchain. In: 2019 Fifth International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP), pp. 246–251 (2019). IEEE Zheng et al. (2018) Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.-N., Chen, X., Wang, H.: Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International journal of web and grid services 14(4), 352–375 (2018) Athanere and Thakur (2022) Athanere, S., Thakur, R.: Blockchain based hierarchical semi-decentralized approach using ipfs for secure and efficient data sharing. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 34(4), 1523–1534 (2022) Saleh et al. (2020) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Kumar, R., Tripathi, R.: Implementation of distributed file storage and access framework using ipfs and blockchain. In: 2019 Fifth International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP), pp. 246–251 (2019). IEEE Zheng et al. (2018) Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.-N., Chen, X., Wang, H.: Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International journal of web and grid services 14(4), 352–375 (2018) Athanere and Thakur (2022) Athanere, S., Thakur, R.: Blockchain based hierarchical semi-decentralized approach using ipfs for secure and efficient data sharing. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 34(4), 1523–1534 (2022) Saleh et al. (2020) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.-N., Chen, X., Wang, H.: Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International journal of web and grid services 14(4), 352–375 (2018) Athanere and Thakur (2022) Athanere, S., Thakur, R.: Blockchain based hierarchical semi-decentralized approach using ipfs for secure and efficient data sharing. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 34(4), 1523–1534 (2022) Saleh et al. (2020) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Athanere, S., Thakur, R.: Blockchain based hierarchical semi-decentralized approach using ipfs for secure and efficient data sharing. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 34(4), 1523–1534 (2022) Saleh et al. (2020) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. 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(2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Benet, J.: Ipfs-content addressed, versioned, p2p file system. arXiv preprint arXiv:1407.3561 (2014) Kumar and Tripathi (2019) Kumar, R., Tripathi, R.: Implementation of distributed file storage and access framework using ipfs and blockchain. In: 2019 Fifth International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP), pp. 246–251 (2019). IEEE Zheng et al. (2018) Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.-N., Chen, X., Wang, H.: Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International journal of web and grid services 14(4), 352–375 (2018) Athanere and Thakur (2022) Athanere, S., Thakur, R.: Blockchain based hierarchical semi-decentralized approach using ipfs for secure and efficient data sharing. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 34(4), 1523–1534 (2022) Saleh et al. (2020) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. 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International journal of web and grid services 14(4), 352–375 (2018) Athanere and Thakur (2022) Athanere, S., Thakur, R.: Blockchain based hierarchical semi-decentralized approach using ipfs for secure and efficient data sharing. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 34(4), 1523–1534 (2022) Saleh et al. (2020) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. 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EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. 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EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. 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Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. 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IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021)
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International journal of web and grid services 14(4), 352–375 (2018) Athanere and Thakur (2022) Athanere, S., Thakur, R.: Blockchain based hierarchical semi-decentralized approach using ipfs for secure and efficient data sharing. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 34(4), 1523–1534 (2022) Saleh et al. (2020) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Chatterjee, R., Chatterjee, R.: An overview of the emerging technology: Blockchain. In: 2017 3rd International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Networks (CINE), pp. 126–127 (2017). IEEE Benet (2014) Benet, J.: Ipfs-content addressed, versioned, p2p file system. arXiv preprint arXiv:1407.3561 (2014) Kumar and Tripathi (2019) Kumar, R., Tripathi, R.: Implementation of distributed file storage and access framework using ipfs and blockchain. In: 2019 Fifth International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP), pp. 246–251 (2019). IEEE Zheng et al. (2018) Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.-N., Chen, X., Wang, H.: Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International journal of web and grid services 14(4), 352–375 (2018) Athanere and Thakur (2022) Athanere, S., Thakur, R.: Blockchain based hierarchical semi-decentralized approach using ipfs for secure and efficient data sharing. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 34(4), 1523–1534 (2022) Saleh et al. (2020) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Benet, J.: Ipfs-content addressed, versioned, p2p file system. arXiv preprint arXiv:1407.3561 (2014) Kumar and Tripathi (2019) Kumar, R., Tripathi, R.: Implementation of distributed file storage and access framework using ipfs and blockchain. In: 2019 Fifth International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP), pp. 246–251 (2019). IEEE Zheng et al. (2018) Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.-N., Chen, X., Wang, H.: Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International journal of web and grid services 14(4), 352–375 (2018) Athanere and Thakur (2022) Athanere, S., Thakur, R.: Blockchain based hierarchical semi-decentralized approach using ipfs for secure and efficient data sharing. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 34(4), 1523–1534 (2022) Saleh et al. (2020) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Kumar, R., Tripathi, R.: Implementation of distributed file storage and access framework using ipfs and blockchain. In: 2019 Fifth International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP), pp. 246–251 (2019). IEEE Zheng et al. (2018) Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.-N., Chen, X., Wang, H.: Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International journal of web and grid services 14(4), 352–375 (2018) Athanere and Thakur (2022) Athanere, S., Thakur, R.: Blockchain based hierarchical semi-decentralized approach using ipfs for secure and efficient data sharing. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 34(4), 1523–1534 (2022) Saleh et al. (2020) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.-N., Chen, X., Wang, H.: Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International journal of web and grid services 14(4), 352–375 (2018) Athanere and Thakur (2022) Athanere, S., Thakur, R.: Blockchain based hierarchical semi-decentralized approach using ipfs for secure and efficient data sharing. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 34(4), 1523–1534 (2022) Saleh et al. (2020) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Athanere, S., Thakur, R.: Blockchain based hierarchical semi-decentralized approach using ipfs for secure and efficient data sharing. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 34(4), 1523–1534 (2022) Saleh et al. (2020) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021)
  4. Chatterjee, R., Chatterjee, R.: An overview of the emerging technology: Blockchain. In: 2017 3rd International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Networks (CINE), pp. 126–127 (2017). IEEE Benet (2014) Benet, J.: Ipfs-content addressed, versioned, p2p file system. arXiv preprint arXiv:1407.3561 (2014) Kumar and Tripathi (2019) Kumar, R., Tripathi, R.: Implementation of distributed file storage and access framework using ipfs and blockchain. In: 2019 Fifth International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP), pp. 246–251 (2019). IEEE Zheng et al. (2018) Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.-N., Chen, X., Wang, H.: Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International journal of web and grid services 14(4), 352–375 (2018) Athanere and Thakur (2022) Athanere, S., Thakur, R.: Blockchain based hierarchical semi-decentralized approach using ipfs for secure and efficient data sharing. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 34(4), 1523–1534 (2022) Saleh et al. (2020) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Benet, J.: Ipfs-content addressed, versioned, p2p file system. arXiv preprint arXiv:1407.3561 (2014) Kumar and Tripathi (2019) Kumar, R., Tripathi, R.: Implementation of distributed file storage and access framework using ipfs and blockchain. In: 2019 Fifth International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP), pp. 246–251 (2019). IEEE Zheng et al. (2018) Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.-N., Chen, X., Wang, H.: Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International journal of web and grid services 14(4), 352–375 (2018) Athanere and Thakur (2022) Athanere, S., Thakur, R.: Blockchain based hierarchical semi-decentralized approach using ipfs for secure and efficient data sharing. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 34(4), 1523–1534 (2022) Saleh et al. (2020) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Kumar, R., Tripathi, R.: Implementation of distributed file storage and access framework using ipfs and blockchain. In: 2019 Fifth International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP), pp. 246–251 (2019). IEEE Zheng et al. (2018) Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.-N., Chen, X., Wang, H.: Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International journal of web and grid services 14(4), 352–375 (2018) Athanere and Thakur (2022) Athanere, S., Thakur, R.: Blockchain based hierarchical semi-decentralized approach using ipfs for secure and efficient data sharing. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 34(4), 1523–1534 (2022) Saleh et al. (2020) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.-N., Chen, X., Wang, H.: Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International journal of web and grid services 14(4), 352–375 (2018) Athanere and Thakur (2022) Athanere, S., Thakur, R.: Blockchain based hierarchical semi-decentralized approach using ipfs for secure and efficient data sharing. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 34(4), 1523–1534 (2022) Saleh et al. (2020) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Athanere, S., Thakur, R.: Blockchain based hierarchical semi-decentralized approach using ipfs for secure and efficient data sharing. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 34(4), 1523–1534 (2022) Saleh et al. (2020) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021)
  5. Benet, J.: Ipfs-content addressed, versioned, p2p file system. arXiv preprint arXiv:1407.3561 (2014) Kumar and Tripathi (2019) Kumar, R., Tripathi, R.: Implementation of distributed file storage and access framework using ipfs and blockchain. In: 2019 Fifth International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP), pp. 246–251 (2019). IEEE Zheng et al. (2018) Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.-N., Chen, X., Wang, H.: Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International journal of web and grid services 14(4), 352–375 (2018) Athanere and Thakur (2022) Athanere, S., Thakur, R.: Blockchain based hierarchical semi-decentralized approach using ipfs for secure and efficient data sharing. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 34(4), 1523–1534 (2022) Saleh et al. (2020) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Kumar, R., Tripathi, R.: Implementation of distributed file storage and access framework using ipfs and blockchain. In: 2019 Fifth International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP), pp. 246–251 (2019). IEEE Zheng et al. (2018) Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.-N., Chen, X., Wang, H.: Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International journal of web and grid services 14(4), 352–375 (2018) Athanere and Thakur (2022) Athanere, S., Thakur, R.: Blockchain based hierarchical semi-decentralized approach using ipfs for secure and efficient data sharing. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 34(4), 1523–1534 (2022) Saleh et al. (2020) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.-N., Chen, X., Wang, H.: Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International journal of web and grid services 14(4), 352–375 (2018) Athanere and Thakur (2022) Athanere, S., Thakur, R.: Blockchain based hierarchical semi-decentralized approach using ipfs for secure and efficient data sharing. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 34(4), 1523–1534 (2022) Saleh et al. (2020) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Athanere, S., Thakur, R.: Blockchain based hierarchical semi-decentralized approach using ipfs for secure and efficient data sharing. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 34(4), 1523–1534 (2022) Saleh et al. (2020) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. 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Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. 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IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. 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  7. Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.-N., Chen, X., Wang, H.: Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International journal of web and grid services 14(4), 352–375 (2018) Athanere and Thakur (2022) Athanere, S., Thakur, R.: Blockchain based hierarchical semi-decentralized approach using ipfs for secure and efficient data sharing. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 34(4), 1523–1534 (2022) Saleh et al. (2020) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. 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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021)
  8. Athanere, S., Thakur, R.: Blockchain based hierarchical semi-decentralized approach using ipfs for secure and efficient data sharing. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 34(4), 1523–1534 (2022) Saleh et al. (2020) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021)
  9. Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., Rana, M.E.: Blockchain based framework for educational certificates verification. Journal of critical reviews 7(3), 79–84 (2020) Shakan et al. (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021)
  10. Shakan, Y., Kumalakov, B., Mutanov, G., Mamykova, Z., Kistaubayev, Y.: Verification of university student and graduate data using blockchain technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL 16(5) (2021) Ghazali and Saleh (2018) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021)
  11. Ghazali, O., Saleh, O.S.: A graduation certificate verification model via utilization of the blockchain technology. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10(3-2), 29–34 (2018) Leka and Selimi (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021)
  12. Leka, E., Selimi, B.: Development and evaluation of blockchain based secure application for verification and validation of academic certificates. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC) 5(2), 22–36 (2021) Faaroek et al. (2022) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021)
  13. Faaroek, S.A., Panjaitan, A.S., Fauziah, Z., Septiani, N.: Design and build academic website with digital certificate storage using blockchain technology. IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3(2), 175–184 (2022) Vidal et al. (2019) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021)
  14. Vidal, F., Gouveia, F., Soares, C.: Analysis of blockchain technology for higher education. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 28–33 (2019). IEEE Liu and Guo (2019) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021)
  15. Liu, D., Guo, X.: Blockchain based storage and verification scheme of credible degree certificate. In: 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), pp. 350–352 (2019). IEEE Nouman et al. (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021) Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021)
  16. Nouman, M., Ullah, K., Azam, M.: Secure digital transactions in the education sector using blockchain. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 9(35) (2021)
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