Persistence, extinction and spreading properties of non-cooperative Fisher--KPP systems in space-time periodic media

Abstract: This paper is concerned with asymptotic persistence, extinction and spreading properties for non-cooperative Fisher-KPP systems with space-time periodic coefficients. Results are formulated in terms of a family of generalized principal eigenvalues associated with the linearized problem. When the maximal generalized principal eigenvalue is negative, all solutions to the Cauchy problem become locally uniformly positive in long-time, at least one space-time periodic uniformly positive entire solution exists, and solutions with compactly supported initial condition asymptotically spread in space at a speed given by a Freidlin-G{\"a}rtner-type formula. When another, possibly smaller, generalized principal eigenvalue is nonnegative, then on the contrary all solutions to the Cauchy problem vanish uniformly and the zero solution is the unique space-time periodic nonnegative entire solution. When the twogeneralized principal eigenvalues differ and zero is in between, the long-time behavior depends on the decay at infinity of the initial condition. The proofs rely upon double-sided controls by solutions of cooperative systems. The control from below is new for such systems and makes it possible to shorten the proofs and extend the generality of the system simultaneously.