Wilson loops, holomorphic anomaly equations and blowup equations

Abstract: We investigate the topological string correspondence of the five-dimensional half-BPS Wilson loops on $S^1$. First, we propose the refined holomorphic anomaly equations for the BPS sectors of the Wilson loop expectation values. We then solve these equations and obtain many non-trivial novel integral refined BPS invariants for rank-one models. By studying the Wilson loop expectation values around the conifold point, we obtain the quantum spectra of the quantum Hamiltonians of the associated integrable systems. Lastly, as an application, the study of this paper leads to a generalization of the blowup equations for arbitrary magnetic fluxes that satisfy the flux quantization condition.