Low-noise quantum frequency conversion in a monolithic cavity with bulk periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate (2304.13459v5)

Abstract: Interfacing the different building blocks of a future large scale quantum network will demand efficient and noiseless frequency conversion of quantum light. Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are a leading candidate to form the nodes of such a network. However, the performance of a suitable converter remains a bottleneck, with existing demonstrations severely limited by parasitic noise arising at the target telecom wavelength. Here, we demonstrate a new platform for efficient low-noise quantum frequency conversion based on a monolithic bulk ppKTP cavity and show its suitability for the conversion of 637 nm single photons from NV centers in diamond to telecommunication wavelengths. By resonantly enhancing the power of an off-the-shelf pump laser, we achieve an internal conversion efficiency of $(72.3\pm 0.4)\%$ while generating only $(110\pm 4) \mbox{ kHz/nm}$ noise at the target wavelength without the need for any active stabilization. This constitutes a 5-fold improvement in noise over existing state-of-the-art single-step converters at this wavelengths. We verify the almost ideal preservation of non-classical correlations by converting photons from a spontaneous parametric down-conversion source and moreover show the preservation of time-energy entanglement via Franson interferometry.