Representations and identities of hypoplactic monoids with involution

Abstract: Let $(\mathsf{hypo}_n,~^\sharp)$ be the hypoplactic monoid of finite rank $n$ with Sch\"{u}tzenberger's involution $^{\sharp}$. In this paper, we exhibit a faithful representation of $(\mathsf{hypo}_n,~^\sharp)$ as an involution monoid of upper triangular matrices over any semiring from a large class including the tropical semiring under the skew transposition. We then give a transparent combinatorial characterization of the word identities satisfied by $(\mathsf{hypo}_n,~^\sharp)$. Further, we prove that $(\mathsf{hypo}_n,~^\sharp)$ is non-finitely based if and only if $n=2, 3$ and give a polynomial time algorithm to check whether a given word identity holds in $(\mathsf{hypo}_n,~^\sharp)$.