Aronson-Bénilan gradient estimates for porous medium equations under lower bounds of $N$-weighted Ricci curvature with $N < 0$

Abstract: The Aronson-B\'enilan gradient estimate for the porous medium equation has been studied as a counterpart to the Li-Yau gradient estimate for the heat equation. In this paper, we give the Aronson-B\'{e}nilan gradient estimates for the porous medium equation on weighted Riemannian manifolds under lower bounds of $N$-weighted Ricci curvature with $\varepsilon$-range for some $N < 0$. This is a generalization of those estimates under constant lower $N$-weighted Ricci curvature bounds with $N\in [n,\infty)$.