Fermi-normal coordinates for the Newtonian approximation of gravity

Abstract: In this work, we compute the metric corresponding to a static and spherically symmetric mass distribution in the general relativistic weak field approximation to quadratic order in Fermi-normal coordinates surrounding a radial geodesic. To construct a geodesic and a convenient tetrad transported along it, we first introduce a general metric, use the Cartan formalism of differential forms, and then specialize the space-time by considering the nearly Newtonian metric. This procedure simplifies the calculations significantly, and the expression for the radial geodesic admits a simple form. We conclude that in quadratic order, the effects of a Schwarzschild gravitational field measured locally by a freely falling observer equals the measured by an observer in similar conditions in the presence of a Newtonian approximation of gravitation.