Identifying Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility (DEIA) Indicators for Transportation Systems using Social Media Data: The Case of New York City during Covid-19 Pandemic

Abstract: The adoption of transportation policies that prioritized highway expansion over public transportation has disproportionately impacted minorities and low-income people by restricting their access to social and economic opportunities and thus resulting in residential segregation. Policymakers, transportation researchers, planners, and practitioners have started acknowledging the need to build a diverse, equitable, inclusive, and accessible (DEIA) transportation system. Traditionally, this has been done through survey-based approaches that are time-consuming and expensive. While there is recent attention on leveraging social media data in transportation, the literature is inconclusive regarding the use of social media data as a viable alternative to traditional sources to identify the latent DEIA indicators based on public reactions and perspectives on social media. This study utilized large-scale Twitter data covering eight counties around the New York City (NYC) area during the initial phase of the Covid-19 lockdown to address this research gap. Natural language processing techniques were used to identify transportation-related major DEIA issues for residents living around NYC by analyzing their relevant tweet conversations. The study revealed that citizens, who had negative sentiments toward the DEIA of their local transportation system, broadly discussed racism, income, unemployment, gender, ride dependency, transportation modes, and dependent groups. Analyzing the socio-demographic information based on census tracts, the study also observed that areas with a higher percentage of low-income, female, Hispanic, and Latino populations share more concerns about transportation DEIA on Twitter.